In-vineyard population structure of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ using multilocus sequence typing analysis

Murolo, Sergio; Romanazzi, Gianfranco

doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2015.01.028

Cited by 38 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 50 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The investigation of the genetic diversity among phytoplasmas associated with several diseases allows the identification of strain‐specific molecular markers, which are useful to improve the understanding of complex phytoplasma ecologies (Davis et al ., ; Quaglino et al ., ). Indeed, among GYs, the knowledge of the biological complexity of the Bois noir disease was improved through the application of a molecular epidemiology approach (Kostadinovska et al ., ; Murolo & Romanazzi, ; Kosovac et al ., ; Quaglino et al ., ). Concerning FD, molecular markers were produced to distinguish FDp strains in different ecological niches (Martini et al ., ; Botti & Bertaccini, ; Filippin et al ., ; Quaglino et al ., ; Malembic‐Maher et al ., ; Durante et al ., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

New insights on Flavescence dorée phytoplasma ecology in the vineyard agro‐ecosystem in southern Switzerland

Casati

Jermini

Quaglino

et al. 2017

Annals of Applied Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Phytoplasmas associated with Flavescence dorée (FDp) grapevine disease are quarantine pathogens controlled through mandatory measures including the prompt eradication and destruction of diseased plants, and the insecticide treatments against the insect vector, the ampelophagous leafhopper Scaphoideus titanus. In the present study, a multidisciplinary approach has been applied to investigate the FDp ecological cycle in a test vineyard agro-ecosystem in Canton Ticino, south Switzerland. Despite the scarce population density of S. titanus, a regular trend of new infections (3.4% of the total vines) through the years was observed. The leafhopper Orientus ishidae was found as the most abundant among the captured insect species known as phytoplasma vectors (245 out of 315 specimens). The population of O. ishidae was evidenced prevalently (167 specimens) in the south-western side of the vineyard and within the neighbouring forest constituted mainly by hazel (Corylus avellana) and willow (Salix spp.). These plant species were found infected by FDp related strains (30% of analysed trees) for the first time in this study. Interestingly, O. ishidae was found to harbour FDp related strains in high percentage (26% of the analysed pools). In addition, 16SrV phytoplasma group was detected for the first time in the insect Hyalesthes obsoletus and a FDp related strain in Thamnotettix dilutior, present in low populations within the test vineyard. Molecular characterisation and phylogenetic analyses of methionine aminopeptidase (map) gene sequences of FDp and related strains, here identified, revealed the great prevalence of the map-type FD2 in grapevines (97%) and in O. ishidae pools (72%). Such a map-type was found also in hazel and in T. dilutior, but not in S. titanus. Moreover, map-types FD1 and FD3 were identified for the first time in Switzerland in several host plants and phytoplasma vectors, including grapevine (FD1), S. titanus (FD1) and O. ishidae (FD1 and FD3). Based on the data obtained in this study, it is reasonable to hypothesise that the ecological cycle of FDp could be related not exclusively to the grapevine-specific feeding diet of S. titanus, but it could include other insect vector(s) and/or plant host(s). Further studies will be needed to prove the role of O. ishidae as vector able to transmit FDp from wild plants (e.g. hazel) to grapevine.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

New insights on Flavescence dorée phytoplasma ecology in the vineyard agro‐ecosystem in southern Switzerland

Casati

Jermini

Quaglino

et al. 2017

Annals of Applied Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In a previous studies carried out in the vineyard MOV, we analysed most of symptomatic samples collected in 2011 and 2012 and most of them were molecularly characterized as 'Ca. P. solani' tuf-type b1 and only sporadic one were identified as tuf-type a 6,35 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where c is the value of the severity class, f is the frequency in the severity class, and n is the number of symptomatic grapevines 35 . The mean disease severity was calculated for the always symptomatic grapevines (AS), the annual new symptomatic grapevines (aNS), and the recovered plants that showed again symptoms (SRec), for each year of survey.…”

Section: Sprecmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial pattern of Bois noir: case study of a delicate balance between disease progression and recovery

Murolo

Garbarino

Mancini

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Bois noir (Bn) is the most important phytoplasma disease of euro-Mediterranean area and induces severe loss of production and even the death of vines. Understanding the delicate balance between disease progression and recovery of Bn infected plants over space and time is crucial to set up management tools. the data collected and analysed allowed to provide insights into dispersal pattern of the disease, caused by'Candidatus phytoplasma solani'. point pattern analysis (ppA) was applied to assess the spatial arrangement of symptomatic plants and the spatial correlation of disease levels in four vineyards. for spatio-temporal patterns of Bn, a mark-correlation function was applied. Spacetime PPA over multiple years (2011-2015) provided graphical visualisation of grapevines more severely affected by BN along the borders of the vineyards, mainly in 2011 when disease incidence was high. PPA across the symptomatic plants in the four vineyards confirmed this visual trend: an overall aggregated pattern at small (<10 m) spatial scales (2013) that were more evident later at all spatial scales (0-15 m). Application of this innovative spatial approach based on point and surface pattern analyses allowed the spread and severity of BN to be monitored, to define the dispersal routes of the pathogen. Such data will contribute to better understand the distribution of symptomatic plants over space and time and to define a model for preventive strategies to reduce future infections. Bois noir (BN) is one of the most important grapevine yellows in Europe 1 and phytoplasma related to 'stolbur group' are today emergent threats for the grapevine cultivation and for vegetable crops in South and East Asia 2,3. BN is generally considered less epidemic than Flavescence dorée (FD), although it is more difficult to manage, because no direct means are available for the pathogen and the main vectors 4. Over recent decades, frequent BN outbreaks have been recorded in the main viticultural areas 3,5-9 , which have led to dramatic losses in grape quality and quantity, most of all for highly susceptible grapevine cultivars such as 'Chardonnay' 1,10,11. The causal agent of BN is a phytoplasma that belongs to the stolbur group (16SrXII-A subgroup) and has been assigned to 'Candidatus Phytoplasma solani' ('Ca. P. solani') 12. It is transmitted mainly by the polyphagous planthopper Hyalesthes obsoletus (Sign., 1865, Hemiptera: Cixiidae) to a wide range of wild plants, such as Convolvulus arvensis, Calystegia sepium, Urtica dioica 13. However, several weeds were reported as hosts of 'Ca. P. solani' within and around infected vineyards and can therefore play a key role in the BN spreading 8,14-18. Thus, all of these hosts represent potential inoculum sources, while for grapevines, the occasional infections by H. obsoletus represent dead-end hosts for the stolbur phytoplasma. BN symptoms include abnormal lignification of canes, short internodes, flower abortion, and curling and discoloration of leaves, with intervein yellowing or reddening 1,10. These are ...

show abstract

“…Molecular detection of GY phytoplasmas confirmed the absence of flavescence dorée (FD) in the examined vineyard. In order to investigate Bois noir (BN) epidemiology and possible differences in the phytoplasma virulence, 'Candidatus Phytoplasma solani' (CaPsol) strains identified in grapevine, insects and weeds were characterized by sequence analyses of variable genes stamp and secY, largely utilized in previous studies [20][21][22], and comparison with sequence variant datasets by Pierro and colleagues (Tables S1-S3) [13,14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proposal of A New Bois Noir Epidemiological Pattern Related to ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma Solani’ Strains Characterized by A Possible Moderate Virulence in Tuscany

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Bois noir (BN), associated with ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ (CaPsol), is the most widespread disease of the grapevine yellows complex worldwide. In this work, BN epidemiology was investigated in a case study vineyard where an unusual CaPsol strain, previously detected only in other host plants, was found to be prevalent in grapevine. Experimental activities included: symptom observation; sampling of symptomatic vines, Auchenorrhyncha specimens, and weeds; molecular detection and typing of CaPsol strains; statistical analyses for determining possible relationships between CaPsol relative concentration, strain type, and symptom severity. Among insects, Reptalus quinquecostatus was the most abundant and was found to be highly infected by CaPsol, while Hyalesthes obsoletus, the main CaPsol vector, was not caught. Moreover, R. quinquecostatus harbored CaPsol strains carrying uniquely the stamp sequence variant St10, also identified as prevalent in vines and in the majority of weeds, and all the secY variants identified in the vineyard. Statistical analyses revealed that CaPsol strains carrying the St10 variant are not associated with severe symptoms, suggesting their possible moderate virulence. Based on such evidence, a new BN epidemiological pattern related to these CaPsol strains and involving grapevine, R. quinquecostatus, and/or weeds is proposed. Furthermore, the possible presence of other players (vectors and weeds) involved in CaPsol transmission to grapevines was highlighted.

show abstract

In-vineyard population structure of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ using multilocus sequence typing analysis

Cited by 38 publications

References 50 publications

New insights on Flavescence dorée phytoplasma ecology in the vineyard agro‐ecosystem in southern Switzerland

New insights on Flavescence dorée phytoplasma ecology in the vineyard agro‐ecosystem in southern Switzerland

Spatial pattern of Bois noir: case study of a delicate balance between disease progression and recovery

Proposal of A New Bois Noir Epidemiological Pattern Related to ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma Solani’ Strains Characterized by A Possible Moderate Virulence in Tuscany

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About