In vitro activity of Sorghum bicolor extracts, 3-deoxyanthocyanidins, against Toxoplasma gondii

Abugri, Daniel A.; Witola, William H.; Jaynes, Jesse M.; Toufic, Nashar

doi:10.1016/j.exppara.2016.02.001

Cited by 26 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Based on the elemental composition of the extracts, as determined by ESI-MS analysis, the methanol extract of Chlorophyceae contained higher content of flavonoids/polyphenols, alkaloids (elaeocarpidine and auramine), and artemisic acid with mass numbers of 256.95, 2667.17 and 296.24, respectively, than the n-hexane extract (Figure 2A and 2B). Consistent with our findings in the present study, in our previous study, we have found that Sorghum bicolor red leaf extract fraction that was rich in flavonoids content, had potent in vitro activity against T. gondii at dose levels that were non-toxic to mammalian cells [7].…”

Section: Short Communicationsupporting

confidence: 81%

Activity of Green Algae Extracts against Toxoplasma gondii

Powers¹,

Zhang²,

Kim³

et al. 2017

Med Aromat Plants

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Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic protozoa of economic significance in livestock. Infected livestock meat and products act as a source of T. gondii infection in humans. Current drugs against T. gondii are limited by hypersensitivity and toxicity, and are not effective against the encysted bradyzoite stage of T. gondii. Thus, there is urgent need for safe and effective therapeutic agents against T. gondii. Marine algae possess potent antifungal and antibacterial properties, but there are no reports on its anti-protozoal activity. Therefore, in this study we obtained nhexane and methanol extracts of green algae (Chlorophyceae) and analyzed their content by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, as well as tested their in vitro anti-Toxoplasma activities. Compared to the n-hexane extract of Chlorophyceae, the methanol extract contained higher content of flavonoids/ polyphenols, alkaloids (elaeocarpidine and auramine), and artemisic acid. Importantly, the methanol extract had more potent anti-Toxoplasma activity (IC 50 =4.43 ± 1.26 µg/mL) than the n-hexane extract (IC 50 =23.32 ± 3.97 µg/ mL), corroborating the higher content of flavonoids, alkaloids, and artemisic acid in methanol extracts than in nhexane extract. The anti-Toxoplasma IC 50 values of the methanol and n-hexane extracts were 34-fold and 7-fold lower than their respective cytotoxic IC 50 values in human fibroblast cell line. Consistent with our findings, flavonoids, alkaloids and artemisic acid have previously been shown to have potent anti-Toxoplasma activity. Together, our results show that Chlorophyceae contains significant amounts of bioactive compounds with potent anti-Toxoplasma activity.Keywords: Green algae chlorophyceae; Toxoplasma gondii; Antiparasitic; Bioactive compounds Short CommunicationToxoplasma gondii is zoonotic protozoa that is very prevalent worldwide and a major cause of abortions and neonatal deaths in sheep and other livestock, resulting in significant economic losses [1]. Infected livestock meat and products act as a source of T. gondii infection in humans [2]. Despite these challenges, there is currently no medicine that can eliminate T. gondii infection, particularly the encysted stage. Thus, there is urgent need to develop a generation of safe and efficacious drugs for use in controlling T. gondii infections.Marine algae contain significant amounts of bioactive compounds [3] and as a result has been shown to possess potent antifungal and antibacterial properties [4]. However, there has been no reports on its anti-protozoal properties. Therefore, in this study we endeavored to evaluate the in vitro anti-Toxoplasma activity of green algae extracts.Dried, pure cultured green algae, Chlorophyceae was generously provided by Dr. Wei Liao of the Anaerobic Digestion Research and Education Center, Michigan State University. Dried algae samples were finely milled and soaked in methanol or n-hexane for 24 hours with agitation. The extraction solution was filtered, evaporated to dryness and the extr...

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Section: Short Communicationsupporting

confidence: 81%

Activity of Green Algae Extracts against Toxoplasma gondii

Powers¹,

Zhang²,

Kim³

et al. 2017

Med Aromat Plants

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The absorbances were read at 490 nm using Synergy Mx BioTek (Vermont, USA) microplate reader with Gen 5 software. T. gondii inhibition activity was expressed as (absorbance of the compounds untreated wells (control) − absorbance of compounds treated/absorbance of compounds untreated) × 100% . Selectivity index of anti‐ T. gondii activity was expressed as [SI = inhibitory concentration required to reduce T‐gondii ‐infected HFF cells growth by 50% (IC 50 )/inhibitory concentration required to inhibit the T. gondii ‐induced cytopathic effect by 50% (IC 50 p)] .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…T. gondii inhibition activity was expressed as (absorbance of the compounds untreated wells (control) − absorbance of compounds treated/ absorbance of compounds untreated) × 100%. [27] Selectivity index of anti-T. gondii activity was expressed as [SI = inhibitory concentration required to reduce T-gondii-infected HFF cells growth by 50% (IC 50 )/inhibitory concentration required to inhibit the T. gondii-induced cytopathic effect by 50% (IC 50 p)]. [36][37][38] A cytopathic effect (CPE) is defined as the structural changes that occurred in the HFF cell caused by T. gondii infection.…”

Section: Anti-toxoplasma Gondii and T Gondiiinfected Cytotoxicity mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, there have been increasing researches into discovering new drugs that will be safe, cheaper, and effective against T. gondii . These research efforts have been focused on the screening of plant‐based secondary metabolites and their synthetic analogs for single compounds activity against parasites . Specifically, some of the research works previously carried out include compounds from the family of flavonoids (quercetin, luteolin, naringenin, taxifolin), and 3‐deoxyanthocyanidins activity against apicomplexan and kinetoplastids parasites .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[25][26][27] Specifically, some of the research works previously carried out include compounds from the family of flavonoids (quercetin, luteolin, naringenin, taxifolin), and 3-deoxyanthocyanidins activity against apicomplexan and kinetoplastids parasites. [25,[27][28][29][30][31] The flavonol quercetin and luteolin have been reported to have anti-Toxoplasma gondii activity. [32] Apigenin, genistein, kaempferol, myricetin, naringenin, quercetin, isoquercitrin, and luteolin have also been reported to inhibit Plasmodium falciparium via the disruption of kinases, fatty acid synthase and topoisomerase activity of the parasite.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In vitro activity of the interaction between taxifolin (dihydroquercetin) and pyrimethamine against Toxoplasma gondii

et al. 2017

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Toxoplasmosis is one of the most neglected zoonotic foodborne parasitic diseases that cause public health and socioeconomic concern worldwide. The current drugs used for the treatment of toxoplasmosis have been identified to have clinical limitations. Hence, new drugs are urgently needed to eradicate T.gondii infections globally. Here, an in vitro anti-Toxoplasma gondii activity of taxifolin (dihydroquercetin) and dihydrofolate inhibitor (pyrimethamine) alone and in combination with a fixed concentration of pyrimethamine were investigated against the rapidly proliferating T.gondii RH strain at 48 hr using colorimetric assay. Pyrimethamine showed the highest anti-T. gondii activity with IC 50P of 0.84 μg/ml (p > .05), respectively. The combination of pyrimethamine with dihydroquercetin gave a significant inhibitory activity against tachyzoites in in vitro with IC 50p of 1.39 μg/ml (p < .05). The IC 50p ranges obtained for the individual and the combination of taxifolin with pyrimethamine inhibition of parasite growth were not cytotoxic to the infected HFF and Hek-293 cell lines used. These compounds combination should be investigated further using in vivo model of toxoplasmosis.

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Anti‐Toxoplasma gondii activity of rose hip oil–solid lipid nanoparticles

Mohammad Rahimi,

Hesari,

Mirsamadi

et al. 2024

Food Science & Nutrition

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Toxoplasma gondii is a highly prevalent pathogen, reported from almost all geographical regions of the world. Current anti‐T. gondii drugs are not effective enough in immunocompromised patients, encephalitis, chorioretinitis, and congenital toxoplasmosis. Therefore, the prescription of these drugs has been limited. Rose hip oil (RhO) is a natural plant compound, which shows antibacterial, anticancer, and anti‐inflammatory activities. In the current study, the anti‐T. gondii and cell toxicity effects of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) loaded by RhO (RhO‐SLNs) were evaluated. Emulsification sonicated‐homogenization method was used to prepare SLNs. RhO‐SLNs were characterized, and their anti‐T. gondii and cell toxicity effects were evaluated using in vitro analyses. The particle size and the zeta potential of the nanoparticles were 152.09 nm and −15.3 mV nm, respectively. The entrapment efficiency percentage was 79.1%. In the present study, the inhibitory concentration (IC)50 against T. gondii was >1 μg/mL (p‐value <.0001). The cell toxicity assay showed cytotoxicity concentration (CC)50 >10 mg/mL (p‐value = .017). In addition, at least 75% of T. gondii‐infected Vero cells remained alive at concentrations >10 mg/mL. The concentration of 1 mg/mL showed highest anti‐Toxoplasma activity and lowest cell toxicity against the Vero cell. Our findings suggest that carrying natural plant compounds with SLNs could be considered an effective option for treatment strategies against T. gondii infections.

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In vitro activity of Sorghum bicolor extracts, 3-deoxyanthocyanidins, against Toxoplasma gondii

Cited by 26 publications

References 23 publications

Activity of Green Algae Extracts against Toxoplasma gondii

Activity of Green Algae Extracts against Toxoplasma gondii

In vitro activity of the interaction between taxifolin (dihydroquercetin) and pyrimethamine against Toxoplasma gondii

Anti‐Toxoplasma gondii activity of rose hip oil–solid lipid nanoparticles

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