In vitro and in vivo anthelmintic and chemical studies of Cyperus rotundus L. extracts 

Abstract

Background Trichinellosis, a zoonosis caused by the genus Trichinella, is a widespread foodborne disease. Albendazole, one of the benzimidazole derivatives, is used for treating human trichinellosis, but with limited efficacy in killing the encysted larvae and numerous adverse effects. Cyperus rotundus L. is a herbal plant with a wide range of medicinal uses, including antiparasitic, and is frequently used in traditional medicine to treat various illnesses. Methods LC-ESI-MS was used to identify the active phytoconstituents in the methanol extract (MeOH ext.) of the aerial parts of C. rotundus and its derivate fractions ethyl acetate (EtOAc fr.), petroleum ether (pet-ether fr.), and normal butanol (n-BuOH fr.). The in vivo therapeutic effects of C. rotundus fractions of the extracts were evaluated using the fraction that showed the most promising effect after detecting their in vitro anti-Trichinella spiralis potential. Results C. rotundus extracts are rich in different phytochemicals, and the LC-ESI-MS of the 90% methanol extract identified 26 phenolic compounds classified as phenolic acids, flavonoids, and organic acids. The in vitro studies showed that C. rotundus extracts had a lethal effect on T. spiralis adults, and the LC50 were 156.12 µg/ml, 294.67 µg/ml, 82.09 µg/ml, and 73.16 µg/ml in 90% MeOH ext., EtOAc fr., pet-ether fr. and n-BuOH fr., respectively. The n-BuOH fr. was shown to have the most promising effects in the in vitro studies, which was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. The in vivo effects of n-BuOH fr. alone and in combination with albendazole using a mouse model were evaluated by counting adults in the small intestine and larvae in the muscles, in addition to the histopathological changes in the small intestine and the muscles. In the treated groups, there was a significant decrease in the number of adults and larvae compared to the control group. Histopathologically, treated groups showed a remarkable improvement in the small intestine and muscle changes. Remarkably, maximal therapeutic effects were detected in the combination therapy compared to each monotherapy. Conclusion Accordingly, C. rotundus extracts may have anti-T. spiralis potential, particularly when combined with albendazole, and they may be used as synergistic to anti-T. spiralis medication therapy.

Impact of atorvastatin and mesenchymal stem cells combined with ivermectin on murine trichinellosis

“…On the other hand, the muscular sections of the infected non-treated control demonstrated a large number of encysted larvae with dense inflammatory infiltration to the surrounding capsule, as reported by previous studies (Basyoni and El-Sabaa 2013 ; Othman et al 2016 ; Sarhan et al 2021 ; Fadil et al 2022 ; El-Wakil et al 2023 ). Marked reduction and destruction of deposited larvae were observed after the administration of combined full or half doses of IVM and atorvastatin added to MSCs, followed by dual therapies, then monotherapies.…”

“…Regarding the histopathological results of the small intestine, infected non-treated control showed severe destruction of the villous architecture with sections of the adult worms in the lumen and inside the villous core as previously reported (Othman et al 2016 ; Sarhan et al 2021 ; El-Wakil et al 2023 ; Fadil et al 2022 ). Marked improvement of these histopathological changes was obtained after administering combined full or half doses of IVM and atorvastatin added to MSCs, followed by dual therapies and monotherapies.…”

Assessment of the potential prophylactic and therapeutic effects of kaempferol on experimental Trichinella spiralis infection

“…In the treated groups, the capsule was disrupted and thinned with pericapsular infiltration of inflammatory cells and these effects were more noticeable in the group that received both medications. Histological changes in mice treated with ABZ in the intestinal and muscular phases were previously reported (Attia et al, 2015;Nassef et al, 2019;El-Wakil et al, 2023).…”

“…The strain of T. spiralis used in this work was provided by the Parasitology Department, TBRI (El-Wakil et al , 2023).…”

Repurposing drugs to treat trichinellosis: in vitro analysis of the anthelmintic activity of nifedipine and Chrysanthemum coronarium extract

“…Mice were orally infected with 200–300 T . spiralis larvae and maintained following the institutional and national guidelines in the animal house exposed to 12 h light/12 h dark cycles with a free access to standard pelleted diet) Delta group, Egypt) and water ad libitum [ 19 ].…”