In vitro and in vivo Repair Effects of the NCF-Col-NHA Aerogel Scaffold Loaded With SOST Monoclonal Antibody and SDF-1 in Steroid-Induced Osteonecrosis

Abstract

In the current study, we synthesized nanocellulose (NCF)-collagen (Col)-nano hydroxyapatite (NHA) organic-inorganic hybrid aerogels loaded with stromal cell derived factor-1 (SDF-1) and sclerostin monoclonal antibody (SOST McAb) and investigated their ability to repair steroid-induced osteonecrosis. Rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and human vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used for the in vitro study. A rabbit steroid-induced osteonecrosis model was used for the in vivo study. The best elastic modulus reached 12.95 ± 4.77 MPa with a mean compressive property of 0.4067 ± 0.084 MPa for the scaffold containing 100% mass fraction. The average pore diameter of the aerogel was 75 ± 18 µm with a porosity of more than 90% (96.4 ± 1.6%). The aerogel-loaded SDF-1 and SOST were released at 40–50% from the material within the initial 3 h and maintained a stable release for more than 21 days. The in vitro study showed osteogenesis and vascularization capabilities of the scaffold. The in vivo study showed that rabbits received implantation of the scaffold with SOST McAb and SDF-1 showed the best osteogenesis of the osteonecrosis zone in the femoral head. Imaging examination revealed that most of the necrotic area of the femoral head was repaired. These results suggest that this hybrid aerogel scaffold could be used for future steroid-induced osteonecrosis repair.

Recent Advances in Bioengineering Bone Revascularization Based on Composite Materials Comprising Hydroxyapatite

“…Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and HUVECs can attach to surfaces, group together, and carry out their various bioactive functions, according to in vitro research. Live/dead cell staining results further substantiate the superior biocompatibility of the collagen-HA scaffold, favoring cell development and fostering osteogenesis and vascularization [72,73]. Therefore, scaffolds formed by hydroxyapatite and collagen together have promising applications in artificial bone graft substitutes and tissue engineering scaffolds [74].…”

3D Assembly of Cryo(Bio)Printed Modular Units for Shelf‐Ready Scalable Tissue Fabrication

“…As an example toward future clinical translation, large bone defect is common that may be caused by incidence, bone fracture, and tumor. [4,[18][19][20] It is difficult for a single 3D-bioprinted replacement tissue to completely repair large and oftentimes irregular bone defect. Therefore, our modular assembly method provides a potential treatment option.…”

Application of Nanocellulose-Based Aerogels in Bone Tissue Engineering: Current Trends and Outlooks

“…By controlling the ratio of collagen to carboxymethyl cellulose in the template, the osteoinductivity, the osteoconductive, and the mechanical strength of composites could be changed and adjusted according to the requirement of BTE [ 127 ]. Xu et al prepared nanocellulose–collagen (COL)-nanohydroxyapatite(n-HA) organic–inorganic hybrid aerogels by adding collagen and HA into cellulose aerogels and found that the composite aerogels exhibited a porous 3D structure with high compressive strength, excellent osteogenesis, and angiogenesis abilities both in vitro and in vivo [ 119 ]. Based on the above-mentioned research, it is safely concluded that the organic–inorganic hybrid materials based on the combination of Col and nanocellulose could construct multilevel bionic scaffolds from macro to micro and present great potential for repairing bone defects.…”

“…The potential growth factors which could be control released by the nanocellulose aerogels for BTE include bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1), sclerostin monoclonal antibody, etc. [ 119 ]. Among them, BMP and VEGF are commonly utilized factors to promote osteogenesis and angiogenesis.…”