In vitro anti-inflammatory, mutagenic and antimutagenic activities of ethanolic extract of Clerodendrum paniculatum root

Abstract

Clerodendrum paniculatum L. (Family Verbenaceae) has been used as an antipyretic and anti-inflammatory drug in traditional Thai medicine. This present study investigated the in vitro anti-inflammatory, mutagenic and antimutagenic activities of the ethanolic extract of C. paniculatum (CPE) dried root collected from Sa Kaeo Province of Thailand. Murine macrophage J774A.1 cells were stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to evaluate nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in the anti-inflammatory test while the mutagenic and antimutagenic potential was performed by the Ames test. The outcome of this study displayed that the CPE root significantly inhibited LPS-induced NO, TNF-α, and PGE2 production in macrophage cell line. In addition, the CPE root was not mutagenic toward Salmonella typhimurium strain TA98 and TA100 with and without nitrite treatment. Moreover, it inhibited the mutagenicity of nitrite treated 1-aminopyrene on both strains. The findings suggested the anti-inflammatory and antimutagenic potentials of CPE root.

Antimutagenic, Cytoprotective and Antioxidant Properties of Ficus deltoidea Aqueous Extract In Vitro

“…Percentage of inhibition was calculated based on the following Equation (1) where T is the number of revertants per plate in the presence of both the mutagen and FDD, and M is the number of revertants per plate in the presence of the mutagen alone. The percentage of inhibition was classified as follows: higher than 60%, strong; 60% to 41%, moderate; 40% to 21%, weak; and < 20%, negligible [ 29 ].…”

Multi-Endpoint Toxicological Assessment of Chrysin Loaded Oil-in-Water Emulsion System in Different Biological Models

“…The percent of inhibition between 0–20%, 21–40%, 41–60%, and higher than 60% indicate negligible, weak, moderate, and strong anti-mutagenicity, respectively [ 27 ].…”

“…In contrast, AF-2 (0.1 µg/mL) was used in the absence of the S9 mixture in the test of both strains. The percentage inhibition (decrease revertant colony number) was calculated as in the following equation: The percent of inhibition between 0-20%, 21-40%, 41-60%, and higher than 60% indicate negligible, weak, moderate, and strong anti-mutagenicity, respectively [27].…”

Cynanchum paniculatum and Its Major Active Constituents for Inflammatory‐Related Diseases: A Review of Traditional Use, Multiple Pathway Modulations, and Clinical Applications

“…Recent studies have indicated that the anti-inflammatory effects of Cynanchum paniculatum and its derivatives are related to the modulation of the immune system, especially regulating the macrophages activation [ 10 , 27 , 36 ]. Antofine and its analogues could inhibit the LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells [ 36 , 37 ].…”

“…Researchers identified many secondary metabolites from Cynanchum paniculatum , including phenol derivatives, polysaccharides, glycosides, and alkaloids [ 4 – 7 ]. Pharmacological research shows that the chemical composition or extract of Cynanchum paniculatum has analgesic, sedative, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiallergic, and anticancer effects [ 3 , 8 – 10 ]. Cynanchum paniculatum is widely used for treating gastroenterological, oncological, dermatological, and orthopedics diseases in CM practices.…”