In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of a Novel Resin-Based Pulp Capping Material Containing the Quaternary Ammonium Salt MAE-DB and Portland Cement

Abstract

BackgroundVital pulp preservation in the treatment of deep caries is challenging due to bacterial infection. The objectives of this study were to synthesize a novel, light-cured composite material containing bioactive calcium-silicate (Portland cement, PC) and the antimicrobial quaternary ammonium salt monomer 2-methacryloxylethyl dodecyl methyl ammonium bromide (MAE-DB) and to evaluate its effects on Streptococcus mutans growth in vitro.MethodsThe experimental material was prepared from a 2∶1 ratio of PC mixed with a resin of 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate, bisphenol glycerolate dimethacrylate, and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (4∶3∶1) containing 5 wt% MAE-DB. Cured resin containing 5% MAE-DB without PC served as the positive control material, and resin without MAE-DB or PC served as the negative control material. Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and calcium hydroxide (Dycal) served as commercial controls. S. mutans biofilm formation on material surfaces and growth in the culture medium were tested according to colony-forming units (CFUs) and metabolic activity after 24 h incubation over freshly prepared samples or samples aged in water for 6 months. Biofilm formation was also assessed by Live/Dead staining and scanning electron microscopy.Results S. mutans biofilm formation on the experimental material was significantly inhibited, with CFU counts, metabolic activity, viability staining, and morphology similar to those of biofilms on the positive control material. None of the materials affected bacterial growth in solution. Contact-inhibition of biofilm formation was retained by the aged experimental material. Significant biofilm formation was observed on MTA and Dycal.ConclusionThe synthesized material containing HEMA-BisGMA-TEGDMA resin with MAE-DB as the antimicrobial agent and PC to support mineralized tissue formation inhibited S. mutans biofilm formation even after aging in water for 6 months, but had no inhibitory effect on bacteria in solution. Therefore, this material shows promise as a pulp capping material for vital pulp preservation in the treatment of deep caries.

Bacterial adhesion mechanisms on dental implant surfaces and the influencing factors

“…Therefore, it seems to be a proactive approach, such as anti-bacterial dental resin, could be an option for the future materials. This could be done either adding some antibacterial chemicals [93,94] or modifying the resin structure [95].…”

Quaternary ammonium compounds in dental restorative materials

“…: -implants 97) , pulp capping materials 98) , Transbond XT 99) , pit and fissure sealing 100) , cavity disinfectant 101) , resin cement 102), zinc phosphate cement, and zinc polycarboxylate cement 103) . These studies have shown that QACs possess antimicrobial activities against bacteria and fungi including S. mutans, L. acidophilus, C. albicans, E. faecalis ect.…”

Restorati̇f Di̇ş Tedavi̇si̇nde Pulpa Kaplamalari

“…15,16 Geleneksel olarak kalsiyum hidroksit, direkt pulpa kaplamaları için kullanılan en güvenilir materyal iken günümüzde MTA altın standart olarak kabul edilir. 17 Ekspoze pulpayı sızdırmaz bir Ģekilde kapatır. DüĢük çözünürlük gösterir.…”