In vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities of Cassia fistula Linn. fruit pulp extracts

Bhalodia, Nayan R; Nariya, Pankaj; Acharya, Rabinarayan; Shukla, Vinay J

doi:10.4103/0974-8520.100329

Cited by 33 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Several investigations have demonstrated the antibacterial effects of fruits on S. pyogenes in vitro. A previous study showed that crude extracts of C. fistula fruit exhibited moderate to strong antibacterial activity against S. pyogenes (23). Another study showed that a novel anti-bacterial peptide, brucin, which is specific to S. pyogenes was produced from the dried fruit protein of Brucea javanica (24).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methanol extract of Lonicera caerulea var. emphyllocalyx fruit has antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity against Streptococcus pyogenes in vitro

Minami

Takase

Nakamura

et al. 2019

BST

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Streptococcus pyogenes is a common gram-positive virulent bacterium (1). Because S. pyogenes contains various virulent factors such as streptolysin O, streptolysin S, NADase, and SpeB protease, it causes various types of infectious diseases such as pharyngitis, tonsillitis, nephritis, cellulitis, and necrotizing fasciitis (1). Because the antibiotic resistance rate of S. pyogenes has been gradually increasing worldwide (2,3), identification of novel anti-S. pyogenes therapies is of great importance. Lonicera caerulea var. emphyllocalyx (LCE) belongs to the honeysuckle family (Caprifoliaceae) and the honeysuckle genus, which is best-known for having edible berries (4). LCE is distributed in northern temperate zones such as the northern part of Japan (Hokkaido) and the northern part of the Eurasian continent (4). LCE is cultivated commercially in Japan, Canada, and Russia (4). LCE berries contain several beneficial phytochemicals, including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, sugar, organic acids, vitamins, and mineral such as iron, magnesium, phosphorus, calcium, and potassium (5). They also Summary Streptococcus pyogenes causes several infectious diseases such as tonsillitis, cellulitis, and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. As antibiotics are used for the general treatment of S. pyogenes infection, cases of treatment failure due to drug-resistant bacteria have increased. Lonicera caerulea var. emphyllocalyx (LCE) has been used as a folk medicine in northern Japan (Hokkaido). In this study, we investigated the antibacterial effect of methanol extracts of the fruit, stem, and leaf of LCE (LCEEs) against S. pyogenes using disk diffusion assay. As LCEE (fruit) had the strongest antibacterial activity among the three LCEEs, we focused on functional analysis of antibacterial effects of LCEE (fruit). LCEE (fruit) suppressed the growth of S. pyogenes in a dose-dependent manner. Morphological analysis by transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that LCEE (fruit) damaged the shape of S. pyogenes. Microplate and confocal laser microscopy analysis showed that biofilm formation was also suppressed by LCEE (fruit) in a dose-dependent manner. To further evaluate the surface structure of these biofilms, we performed hydrophobic analysis, which demonstrated that LCEE (fruit) reduced the hydrophobicity of the bacterial surface structure. Our data demonstrated that LCEE (fruit) had anti-bacterial and anti-biofilm effects on S. pyogenes in vitro, suggesting that the direct anti-bacterial effects of the LCEE (fruit) may be useful for treatment of local S. pyogenes infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methanol extract of Lonicera caerulea var. emphyllocalyx fruit has antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity against Streptococcus pyogenes in vitro

Minami

Takase

Nakamura

et al. 2019

BST

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“…Also Cassia fistula is also being used in treating a variety of GIT maladies of bovines; particularly, it is effective in treating E. coli infections effectively. This activity may be due to the presence of several compounds of pharmacological importance including terpenoids, saponins, steroids, anthraquinone, phenolic compounds, and steroids present in them [36]. Similarly seeds of the Foeniculum vulgare are mixed with the root of Glycyrrhiza glabra, and they are also used to treat the GIT infections [37,38].…”

Section: Using Antibiotic Alternativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence of Antimicrobial Resistance, Causes, Molecular Mechanisms, and Prevention Strategies: A Bovine Perspective

Mustafa¹,

Rehman²,

Bashir³

et al. 2019

Bovine Science - A Key to Sustainable Development

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Emergence of the resistance in microbial population is a major threat to both animal and human health. In bovine, the development of microbial resistance is a persistent threat for health especially in the form of zoonotic pandemics due to viral and multidrug bacterial resistance. Mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance in microbes are of natural as well as acquired origin. There are half dozen molecular mechanisms identified that possibly cause the emergence and transfer of antimicrobial resistance within and between different bacterial genera. These mechanisms include degradation of the antibacterial drug by the bacterial enzymes, reduced permeability of the drug by bacteria, increased efflux of the drug, modification of drug target and use of alternative pathways by bacterial cells. Various assays viz. disk diffusion test and E-test, focusing on minimum inhibitory concentration of antimicrobials, have been employed to detect the antimicrobial resistance in microbes. The most important factor responsible for the development of multidrug resistance in bovine pathogenic microbes is irrational use of the antibiotics. Antibiotics are necessary evil, so judicious use of antibiotics, early detection of infections, vaccination, use of immune-modulators and medicinal plants or their derivatives are some of the strategies to reduce the possible emergence of antimicrobial resistance.

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“…Various parts of C. fistula have displayed pharmacological properties [17]. The flower, seed, fruit and pulp have been used to treat skin diseases including leprosy [18]. The pulp has been recognized for its antidiabetic properties [15] and has been used in a tonic that has been applied in treatments of gout and rheumatism [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-aging and tyrosinase inhibition effects of Cassia fistula flower butanolic extract

Limtrakul

Yodkeeree

Thippraphan

et al. 2016

BMC Complement Altern Med

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BackgroundNatural products made from plant sources have been used in a variety of cosmetic applications as a source of nutrition and as a whitening agent. The flowers of Cassia fistula L, family Fabaceae, have been used as a traditional medicine for skin diseases and wound healing and have been reported to possess anti-oxidant properties. The anti-aging effect of C. fistula flower extract on human skin fibroblast was investigated.MethodsThe butanolic extraction of C. fistula flowers was completed and the active compounds were classified. The cytotoxicity of fibroblasts was evaluated by SRB assay for the purposes of selecting non-toxic doses for further experiments. The collagen and hyaluronic acid (HA) synthesis was then measured using the collagen kit and ELISA, respectively. Moreover, the enzyme activity, including collagenase, matrixmelloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and tyrosinase, were also evaluated.ResultsIt was found that the flower extract did not affect skin fibroblast cell growth (IC50 > 200 μg/mL). The results did show that the flower extract significantly increased collagen and HA synthesis in a dose dependent manner. The flower extract (50–200 μg/mL) also significantly inhibited collagenase and MMP-2 activity. Furthermore, this flower extract could inhibit the tyrosinase activity that causes hyperpigmentation, which induces skin aging.ConclusionsThe C. fistula flower extract displayed a preventive effect when used for anti-aging purposes in human skin fibroblasts and may be an appropriate choice for cosmetic products that aim to provide whitening effects, and which are designated as anti-aging facial skin care products.

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In vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities of Cassia fistula Linn. fruit pulp extracts

Cited by 33 publications

References 21 publications

Methanol extract of <i>Lonicera caerulea</i> var. <i>emphyllocalyx</i> fruit has antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity against <i>Streptococcus pyogenes in vitro </i>

Methanol extract of <i>Lonicera caerulea</i> var. <i>emphyllocalyx</i> fruit has antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity against <i>Streptococcus pyogenes in vitro </i>

Emergence of Antimicrobial Resistance, Causes, Molecular Mechanisms, and Prevention Strategies: A Bovine Perspective

Anti-aging and tyrosinase inhibition effects of Cassia fistula flower butanolic extract

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