In Vitro Antifungal Activity and Chemical Composition of Piper auritum Kunth Essential Oil against Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium equiseti

Abstract

The essential oils of plants of the genus Piper have secondary metabolites that have antimicrobial activity related to their chemical composition. The objective of our work was to determine the chemical composition and evaluate the antifungal activity of the aerial part essential oil of P. auritum obtained by hydrodistillation on Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium equiseti isolated from Capsicum chinense. The antifungal activity was evaluated by direct contact and poisoned food tests, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC50) and maximum radial growth inhibition (MGI) were determined. The identification of oil metabolites was carried out by direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (DART-MS). By direct contact, the essential oil reached an inhibition of over 40% on Fusarium spp. The 8.4 mg/mL concentration showed the highest inhibition on F. oxysporum (40–60%) and F. equiseti (>50%). The MIC50 was 6 mg/mL for F. oxysporum FCHA-T7 and 9 mg/mL for F. oxysporum FCHJ-T6 and F. equiseti FCHE-T8. DART-MS chemical analysis of the essential oil showed [2M-H]− and [M-H]− adducts of high relative intensity that were mainly attributed to eugenol and thymol/p-cimen-8-ol. The findings found in this study show a fungistatic effect of the essential oil of P. auritum on Fusarium spp.

Biological Activity of Phytochemicals from Agricultural Wastes and Weeds on Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

“…Cedrela odorata and P. auritum belong to families of plants whose insecticidal activity has already been reported against different insect pests [36,47,48]. In the present study, the bioassay implemented, allowed us to observe that the ethanolic extracts of the dehydrated leaves of both plants, even in the lowest concentration evaluated (92 mg/cm 2 = 5000 mg/L), have a similar lethality against S. frugiperda as that obtained with M. azedarach, the positive control.…”

1H‐NMR Metabolomics Profiling and Volatile Content of ‘Hoja Santa’ (Piper auritum Kunth): A Millenary Edible Plant Consumed in Mexico

“…Then, these essential oils could become a natural and effective alternative to synthetic fungicides against plant pathogens and to develop novel types of natural fungicides [24] . In Mexico, the essential oil of P. auritum aerial part collected in Ocozocoautla de Espinosa, Chiapas in the community of Ocuilapa de Juárez (290° W, between 16°51’16’’ N and 93°24’40’’ W, 940 masl), had a fungistatic effect on three Fusarium strains s isolated from Capsicum chinense [25] . The minimum inhibitory concentration was 6 mg/mL for F. oxysporum FCHA‐T7 and 9 mg/mL for F. oxysporum FCHJ‐T6 and F. equiseti FCHE‐T8, respectively.…”

“…The minimum inhibitory concentration was 6 mg/mL for F. oxysporum FCHA‐T7 and 9 mg/mL for F. oxysporum FCHJ‐T6 and F. equiseti FCHE‐T8, respectively. The identification of oil metabolites was carried out by direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (DART‐MS) [25] . Interestingly, the concentrations of total flavonoids, phenols and terpenes were higher with chitosan treatment in a wild population of P. auritum selected in the locality of San Andrés Tlalnelhuayocan, Veracruz, Mexico (19°33′58“ N, 96°58′23” O, 1664 masl) [26] .…”

“…[24] In Mexico, the essential oil of P. auritum aerial part collected in Ocozocoautla de Espinosa, Chiapas in the community of Ocuilapa de Juárez (290°W, between 16°51'16'' N and 93°24'40'' W, 940 masl), had a fungistatic effect on three Fusarium strains s isolated from Capsicum chinense. [25] The minimum inhibitory concentration was 6 mg/mL for F. oxysporum FCHA-T7 and 9 mg/mL for F. oxysporum FCHJ-T6 and F. equiseti FCHE-T8, respectively. The identification of oil metabolites was carried out by direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (DART-MS).…”

“…The identification of oil metabolites was carried out by direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (DART-MS). [25] Interestingly, the concentrations of total flavonoids, phenols and terpenes were higher with chitosan treatment in a wild population of P. auritum selected in the locality of San Andrés Tlalnelhuayocan, Veracruz, Mexico (19°33'58" N, 96°58'23" O, 1664 masl). [26] However, the alkaloid concentration was reduced by chitosan addition.…”