In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils against Salmonella enterica Serotypes Enteritidis and Typhimurium Strains Isolated from Poultry

Abstract

Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis and S. enterica serotype Typhimurium are frequently present among poultry and are associated with outbreaks of human salmonellosis. The study investigated the in vitro antimicrobial activity of essential oils (EOs) obtained from Aloysia triphylla, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Cymbopogon citratus, Litsea cubeba, Mentha piperita, Syzygium aromaticum against S. Enteritidis and S. Thyphimurium strains previously isolated from poultry. A 1:1 mixture of C. zeylanicum and S. aromaticum was also tested. The activity of all compounds was evaluated against the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, commonly used as probiotic. The highest antibacterial activity was observed for C. zeylanicum (minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 1.26 mg/mL to 0.63 mg/mL), S. aromaticum (MICs from 2.637 mg/mL to 0.164 mg/mL) and the mixture (MICs from 1.289 mg/mL to 0.322 mg/mL). No activity was recorded against S. cerevisiae. The results suggest a possible use of C. zeylanicum and S. aromaticum, alone or in combination, in the farm environment for disinfection and in poultry diet, combined with S. cerevisiae administration, for an integrated approach to avoid Salmonella intestinal colonization.

<p>Evaluation of essential oil obtained from <em>Mentha×piperita</em> L. against multidrug-resistant strains</p>

“…Similar composition was reported in other studies 37,38. In Italian MPEO, menthol (32.4%) and menthone (26.6%) were determined,39 while linalool and linalyl acetate were detected as major compounds of Tunisian MPEO 40…”

Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils against Staphylococcus and Malassezia Strains Isolated from Canine Dermatitis

“…isolated from human patients, with MIC values higher (35-140 mg/mL) than the value observed in the present study. Moreover, this EO showed a good activity against Aspergillus fumigatus in a previous study [49] and a poor effectiveness versus the probiotic yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae [50], indicating a variable efficacy against different species of both molds and yeasts. The antifungal activity seems to be related to a higher content of limonene and sabinene, in comparison with the other EOs.…”

“…These results are in agreement with findings reported by Bismarck et al [52] and Sim et al [56] in otologic canine isolates. This EO, in fact, although poorly effective against molds such as A. fumigatus [49] and dermatophytes [55], showed a strong antimicrobial activity versus Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium and Escherichia coli isolated from poultry [50].…”

Study of the antibiotic residues in poultry meat in some of the EU countries and selection of the best compositions of lactic acid bacteria and essential oils against Salmonella enterica

“…In a different application, the EO of thyme in combination with cold plasma treatment led to a higher antibacterial activity of plasma-treated nanofibers ( Lin et al., 2019 ). Essential oils could be applied for the purposes of facility disinfection, as well as added to chicken feed to prevent intestinal colonization with pathogens ( Ebani et al., 2019 ). The antimicrobial activity data for EO showed that thymol, eugenol, and carvacrol exhibit strong antimicrobial activity against both E. coli and S. typhimurium ( Franz and Baser, 2010 , Hippenstiel et al., 2011 , Bassole and Juliani, 2012 ).…”