In Vitro Antioxidant and Anti-Colon Cancer Activities of Sesamum indicum L. Leaf Extract and Its Major Component, Pedaliin

Abstract

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) leaves (SLs) are used as vegetables and traditional medicines in Asian and African countries. We investigated in vitro antioxidant and anti-colon cancer efficacy of ethanol extract of SL (SLE) and its major bioactive component. SLE contained appreciable amount of major classes of antioxidant phytochemicals, such as total polyphenols, total flavonoids, and carotenoids, and correspondingly exhibited antioxidant activities, such as radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). A cell viability assay showed that SLE time- and dose-dependently attenuated the growth of human colon cancer cells, HT29 and HCT116. Flow cytometry analysis showed that SLE increased sub-G1 (in HT29 and HCT116) and G2/M (in HCT116) cell populations, suggesting that the growth inhibition by SLE was due to induction of apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest. Trans-well and wound-healing assays showed that SLE alleviated invasion and migration of HT29 and HCT116 cells in non-cytotoxic conditions. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis revealed that pedaliin (6-hydroxylueolin 7-methyl ether 6-glucoside; pedalitin-6-O-glucoside) was a major constituent of SLE. Moreover, FRAP, growth-inhibitory, anti-invasive, and anti-migratory activities of pedaliin were found. These results demonstrated that SLE possesses in vitro antioxidant and anti-colon cancer activities and that pedaliin is a major component contributing to such activities.

Composition analysis and antioxidant activity evaluation of a high purity oligomeric procyanidin prepared from sea buckthorn by a green method

“…Antioxidant activity measurement in chemicals always exhibited a lower capacity evaluated by DPPH assay relative to the ABTS method. The reason might be that the evaluation of ABTS· + was more suitable for hydrophilic and lipophilic systems ( Kim et al, 2021 ). Thus, the antioxidant activity of procyanidins could be compared quickly and effectively through ABTS assay.…”

Herb and Spices in Colorectal Cancer Prevention and Treatment: A Narrative Review

“…In HCT116 cells, sesame leaf extract (250 g/ml and 500 g/ml) induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest during the G2/M phase. This extract increased the G2/M cell population to 2.3–6.6-fold of the control, with a concurrent drop in G0/G1 and S phase cell populations, demonstrating that sesame leaf extract has a G2/M arresting function ( Kim et al, 2021 ).…”

“…It targets p53, MAPK, JNK, PI3K/AKT, TNF, NF-B, PPAR, caspase-3, Nrf2, eNOS, and LOX signalling pathways, suggesting that sesamol possesses potent anti-cancer properties. It has a wide range of biological functions, including inhibition of lipid peroxidation and enhancement of radical scavenging, upregulation of antioxidant enzymes, suppression of TNFα and IL-1β expression, inhibition of NF-κB signalling, suppression of LOX-1 and 5-LOX activity, induction of apoptosis, arresting cell growth at different phases of the cell cycle and modulation of caspase-3, p53, BAX, and BCL-2 expression ( Gupta et al, 2009 ; Chu et al, 2010a ; Chu et al, 2010b ; Wu et al, 2015 ; Kim et al, 2021 ). In HCT116 cells, sesame leaf extract (250 g/ml and 500 g/ml) induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest during the G2/M phase.…”

Nutritional Values and Therapeutical Effects of Mediterranean Herbs, Spices, and Medicinal Plants

“…Based on their medicinal and pharmacological properties, the most important lignans are sesamin, sesamol, sesamolin, and sesamol, but also α-, γ-, and δ-tocopherols. In addition, sesame is an important source of phytosterols, phytates, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and bioactive peptides [17,[86][87][88][89][90][91].…”