In vitro Antioxidant and Anti-obesity Activities of Freeze-dried Canarium sp., Averrhoa bilimbi L. and Malus domestica

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The number of obesity cases is still increasing worldwide and has reached an epidemic scale. Plants are known to have a protection role in the development of obesity, however their antioxidant and anti-obesity activities have not widely known. This study was conducted to assess the in vitro antioxidant and anti-obesity activities of different types of freeze-dried fruits cultivated in Indonesia, especially Canarium sp., Averrhoa bilimbi L. and Malus domestica.METHODS: Total phenolic content of freeze-dried fruits was identified by Folin-Ciocalteu method, while the total flavonoid content was measured by aluminium chloride colorimetric assay. To assessed the antioxidant activity, 2,2-diphenyl 1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity assay and 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) reducing activity assay were performed. The α-amylase and lipase inhibitory activity assay were performed to assess the anti-obesity activity. For comparison, hydroxycitric acid (HCA) compound was also assessed with DPPH, ABTS, α-amylase and lipase assays.RESULTS: A. bilimbi had the highest total phenol content (6.35 µg GAE/mg), meanwhile M. domestica had the highest total flavonoid content (2.06 µg QE/mg). A. bilimbi also showed the highest antioxidant activity both in DPPH and ABTS assay, with inhibitory concentration (IC50)=279.99 µg/mL and 631.78 µg/mL, respectively. The freeze-dried M. domestica had the highest anti-α-amylase activity (IC50=258.85 µg/mL), while Canarium sp. had the highest anti-lipase activity (IC50=118.66 µg/mL).CONCLUSION: Freeze-dried fruits demonstrate in vitro benefits toward obesity. A. bilimbi has potent antioxidant activity and is beneficial against obesity-related adverse health effect by relieving oxidative stress. M. domestica and Canarium sp. hamper the fat accumulation by reducing the carbohydrate absorption and dietary lipid.KEYWORDS: antioxidant, anti-obesity, Canarium sp., Averrhoa bilimbi L., Malus domestica, hydroxycitric acid

Cytotoxicity and Antiobesity Activity of Freeze-Dried Malus domestica, Canarium sp. and Averrhoa bilimbi Fruit

“…The plant organs (leaves, stem bark, and branch) (20 kg) were washed and milled respectively, and then freeze-dried to reduce the water compound in the sample. Freeze-dried M.domestica (FDM), freeze-dried Canarium sp (FDC), freeze-dried A. bilimbi (FDA) were stored at-20 0 C (Utami et al, 2019).…”

In-vitro studies on antioxidant and antidiabetic potential of Sesoot (Garcinia picrorrhiza Miq.) fruit ethanolic extract from Indonesia

“…The assay of α-amylase inhibitory activity was done according to the breakdown of the substrate to generate a colored product and the absorbance was measured over a certain period (Utami et al, 2019;Widowati et al, 2015Widowati et al, , 2018. For this assay, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was used as the blank, 30 µL of GpKar,xanthone (20.83,41.67,83.33,166.67,333.33,and 666.67 µg/mL) and 10 µL of αamylase enzyme 250 units/g (Sigma Aldrich 7595) were put into the well.…”

“…The 100 µL acidic iodine solution (except black) was also added to terminate the enzymatic reaction after incubation. Using a microplate reader, the absorbance was then measured at 565 nm (Utami et al, 2019;Widowati et al, 2018). Formula 3 was used to calculate α-amylase assay, seen as below:…”

Pengaruh Metode Ekstraksi terhadap Kadar Fenol dan Flavonoid Total, Aktivitas Antioksidan serta Antilipase Daun Jati Belanda (Guazuma ulmifolia)

“…Kombinasi kedua kondisi ini memicu adiposit untuk menghasilkan ROS dan selanjutnya menyebabkan kondisi yang dikenal sebagai stres oksidatif. Kondisi ini merangsang diferensiasi adiposit dan akumulasi lemak dalam jaringan adiposa [34]. Aktivitas antilipase dapat mengurangi penyerapan lemak yang berlebihan, sementara antioksidan mencegah stres oksidatif.…”