In vitro antioxidant effects of estrogens with a hindered 3-OH function on the copper-induced oxidation of low density lipoprotein

Mechanistic investigations on the antioxidant action of a neuroprotective estrogen derivative

“…There has been mounting evidence that estrogens enhance cell survival by suppressing the neurotoxic stimuli partly via their antioxidant activity [18,19]. Free-radical scavenging is believed to be a significant contributor to the rapid ER-independent neuroprotective actions of estrogens and related compounds [20][21][22]. The antioxidant property of these compounds is due to the free phenolic hydroxyl group on the A-ring of the steroid [23].…”

“…Structure-activity relationship studies have clearly shown that this group is the only structural requirement to achieve cell survival upon oxidative insults [17,24]. Blocking of the phenolic hydroxyl group, e.g., by ether formation completely eliminates neuroprotection [22,25]. The direct oxylradicalscavenging by phenolic antioxidants has been thought to cause interruption of free-radical chain reactions such as lipid peroxidation by rapidly donating the hydrogen atom of the phenolic OH to radicals.…”

Approaches for Searching of Modified Steroid Estrogen Analogues with Improved Biological Properties

“…The introduction of large substituent at position 2 must lead to decrease of estrogenic properties of modifies analogue at the presence of antioxidant activity, that was demonstrated with compounds 97 (Miller et al, 1996) …”

A facile total synthesis of ent-17β-estradiol and structurally related analogues

“…Estrone and 17 -estradiol, as well as other steroids containing a phenolic A-ring, are antioxidants with neuroprotective properties that are potentially useful for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Since the antioxidant properties of 17 -estradiol are not dependent on the absolute configuration of this steroid, ent-17 -estradiol also has neuroprotective properties [7].…”