In Vitro Assessment of Artificial Aging on the Antifungal Activity of PMMA Denture Base Material Modified with ZrO2 Nanoparticles

Abstract

The antifungal effect of zirconium dioxide nanoparticles (ZrO2NPs) incorporated into denture base material has been inadequately investigated; additionally, to the authors’ knowledge, no studies have assessed the influence of artificial aging on the antifungal activity of these particles. Methodology. Heat-polymerized acrylic resin disks were fabricated and divided into four groups (0%, 1%, 2.5%, and 5% ZrO2NPs by weight). Antifungal activity was assessed using the direct culture and disk diffusion methods. Surface roughness and contact angles were measured using a profilometer and a goniometer, respectively. The artificial aging procedure was performed by repeating all tests at 7, 14, and 30 days following 2 rounds of thermocycling. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc test ( p < 0.05 ). Results. The addition of ZrO2NPs significantly decreased the adhesion of Candida albicans with and without artificial aging procedures ( p < 0.001 ), while the disk diffusion methods did not reveal inhibition zones. ZrO2NP-modified specimens displayed significantly higher surface roughness compared to specimens in the control group ( p < 0.05 ) and showed the same behaviors with artificial aging procedures. The contact angle was significantly decreased in all modified groups in comparison to the control group ( p < 0.05 ). Conclusion. The addition of ZrO2NPs to polymethylmethacrylate denture base material reduced the adhesion of Candida albicans with a long-term antifungal effect. With the addition of ZrO2NPs, contact angles were decreased and surface roughness was increased; 1% was the most appropriate concentration. Clinical significance. The addition of ZrO2NPs to denture base material confers a long-term antifungal effect and could be used as a possible method for preventing and treating denture stomatitis.

How Effective Are Antimicrobial Agents on Preventing the Adhesion of Candida albicans to Denture Base Acrylic Resin Materials? A Systematic Review

“…Hamid et al investigated the effect of adding ZrO 2 NPs to PMMA denture base acrylic resin to inhibit and/or treat denture stomatitis and they found that this incorporation had a significant long-term antifungal effect [ 30 ]. In contrast, another study by Abualsaud et al found insignificant effect of ZrO 2 NPs on the reduction of Candida albicans biofilm formation [ 31 ].…”

The Effect of Zirconium Dioxide (ZrO2) Nanoparticles Addition on the Mechanical Parameters of Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Experimental Studies

“…The use of nanoparticle additives for strengthening the bases of dental prostheses is now widely discussed [23,24,[35][36][37]. A recent systematic review by Gad et al, showed an improvement in the repaired dentures' mechanics, thanks to the use of nano-ZrO 2 , nano-SiO 2 and nano-Al 2 O 3 [23].…”

Impact of Polymerization Technique and ZrO2 Nanoparticle Addition on the Fracture Load of Interim Implant-Supported Fixed Cantilevered Prostheses in Comparison to CAD/CAM Material

“…A digital caliper with 0.01 mm accuracy was utilized to assess the specimens’ dimensions. Afterward, specimens were stored in distilled water at 37 °C for 7 days [ 17 ].…”

“…3D-printed specimens (8 × 7 × 30 mm 3 ) were fabricated utilizing an acrylate ester-based resin (NextDent Denture 3D+, 3D systems, Vertex Dental B.V., Soesterberg, The Netherlands) and a 3D printer (NextDent 5100, 3D systems, Vertex Dental B.V., Soesterberg, The Netherlands) at a 90° orientation, layer-by-layer (50 μm/layer), in a straight-lined pattern [ 17 ]. Following initial printing, the specimens were cleaned in an isopropyl alcohol solution as per the manufacturer’s recommendations.…”