In Vitro Assessment of Nanosilver-Functionalized PMMA Bone Cement on Primary Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Osteoblasts

Abstract

Peri-prosthetic infections caused by multidrug resistant bacteria have become a serious problem in surgery and orthopedics. The aim is to introduce biomaterials that avoid implant-related infections caused by multiresistant bacteria. The efficacy of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) against a broad spectrum of bacteria and against multiresistant pathogens has been repeatedly described. In the present study polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement functionalized with AgNP and/or gentamicin were tested regarding their biocompatibility with bone forming cells. Therefore, influences on viability, cell number and differentiation of primary human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and MSCs cultured in osteogenic differentiation media (MSC-OM) caused by the implant materials were studied. Furthermore, the growth behavior and the morphology of the cells on the testing material were observed. Finally, we examined the induction of cell stress, regarding antioxidative defense and endoplasmatic reticulum stress. We demonstrated similar cytocompatibility of PMMA loaded with AgNP compared to plain PMMA or PMMA loaded with gentamicin. There was no decrease in cell number, viability and osteogenic differentiation and no induction of cell stress for all three PMMA variants after 21 days. Addition of gentamicin to AgNP-loaded PMMA led to a slight decrease in osteogenic differentiation. Also an increase in cell stress was detectable for PMMA loaded with gentamicin and AgNP. In conclusion, supplementation of PMMA bone cement with gentamicin, AgNP, and both results in bone implants with an antibacterial potency and suitable cytocompatibility in MSCs and MSC-OM.

In vitro Growth Pattern of Primary Human Osteoblasts on Calcium Phosphate- and Polymethylmethacrylate-Based Bone Cement

“…In the present study, determination of osteogenic cell differentiation revealed a significantly reduced ALP enzyme activity after 24 and 72 h on all cement surfaces compared to TCP, whereas the results were higher after incubation for 72 h. The latter findings are in line with the previously published results of Pauksch et al [22]. In contrast to our study, however, the authors observed no significant change in ALP enzyme activity for osteogenic cells cultivated on PMMA surfaces.…”

“…Confirming their results, we also identified a significant reduction in cell viability and DNA content on Palacos R and Palacos R+G surfaces after 24 h. After 72 h, a considerably higher cell viability and DNA content was observed for all surfaces. Interestingly, the increase was higher for the cement groups than for the control on TCP, confirming the results of Pauksch et al [22]. The authors hypothesized that the increasing confluence of the cells on TCP led to a decreased viability, as high cell numbers often cause a stop in proliferation and a decline in viability.…”

“…Surprisingly, however, a significantly reduced apoptosis rate compared to TCP was identified on Palacos R+G, despite the potentially cytotoxic effects of gentamicin. As for viability and proliferation rate, these findings could be explained by the high cell confluence on TCP, subsequently inducing apoptosis [22]. This is, however, contradictory to the results on Palacos R and Norian Drillable showing clearly increased rates of apoptosis compared to Palacos R+G and TCP, indicating a different mechanism of action.…”

Kraft lignin/silica–AgNPs as a functional material with antibacterial activity

“…The great merit of the AgNP immobilization is that it presumably nullifies its negative influence on eukaryotic cells; however, only few AgNP-support systems has been analyzed. The investigation of nanosilver-functionalized polymethylmethacrylate bone cement has demonstrated suitable cytocompatibility with primary human mesenchymal stem cells and osteoblasts [22]. Foregoing properties were confirmed in further research.…”

Dual functions of silver nanoparticles in F9 teratocarcinoma stem cells, a suitable model for evaluating cytotoxicity- and differentiation-mediated cancer therapy

“…4 AgNPs are known to induce differentiation based on their concentration in a time-dependent manner in various types of stem cells including human adipose-derived stem cells, hMSCs, and osteoblasts. 64,65 Previous studies have shown that internalized silica nanoparticles have no apparent deleterious effects on the morphology, proliferation, viability, and differentiation efficiency of mesenchymal stem cells. 66,67 The findings from our study suggest that biologically prepared AgNPs seem to be less toxic than AgNO 3 at tested concentrations in F9 cells.…”