In vitro assessment of some probiotic properties and inhibitory activity against Yersinia ruckeri of bacteria isolated from rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)

Mechanisms Used by Probiotics to Confer Pathogen Resistance to Teleost Fish

“…Although it is unlikely to find a candidate that will fulfill all of these characteristics, the more of these characteristics are fulfilled, the more likely it will be a promising probiotic. However, the main driver to select potential probiotics among different candidates has been their inhibitory activity against target pathogens in vitro ( 10 , 28 , 30 , 38 – 40 ) or in vivo ( 11 , 14 , 15 , 21 , 41 ).…”

“…Although it is unlikely to find a candidate that will fulfill all of these characteristics, the more of these characteristics are fulfilled, the more likely it will be a promising probiotic. However, the main driver to select potential probiotics among different candidates has been their inhibitory activity against target pathogens in vitro (10,28,30,(38)(39)(40) or in vivo (11,14,15,21,41). capacity to produce substances which have bacteriostatic or bactericidal impact on pathogenic microbes, such as lysozymes, proteases, siderophores, hydrogen peroxide or bacteriocins (9,(42)(43)(44)(45)(46)(47)(48)(49)(50).…”

Probiotic properties of Bacillus strains isolated from the gastrointestinal tract against pathogenic Vibriosis

“…To sort out these problems, traditional methods such as vaccines and antibiotics are widely used. Nevertheless, the widespread use of antibiotics leads to the appearance and emergence of resistant bacteria and affect the aquatic environment (water and sediment contamination) (Caruffo et al, 2015;Medina et al, 2020;Makridis et al, 2021). Recently, probiotics have emerged as a good and effective alternative to ban or minimize the antibiotic use and control diseases (Balcazar et al, 2007;Meidong et al, 2017;Emam and Dunlap, 2020).…”

Immersion vaccines against Yersinia ruckeri infection in rainbow trout: Comparative effects of strain differences

“…The bacteria spread with host faeces and survive in water, sediments and biofilms for months, and even surviving fish without signs may serve as carriers, emphasizing that control methods are indispensable in infected systems (Coquet et al., 2002 ; Valtonen et al., 1992 ; Willumsen, 1989 ). Vaccines, immunostimulants, prebiotics and probiotics have been shown to confer some protection against Y. ruckeri (Adel et al., 2020 ; Austin et al., 2003 ; Bilen et al., 2020 ; Medina et al., 2020 ; Ohtani et al., 2020 ; Rashidian et al., 2020 ; Yamaguchi et al., 2019 ; Yilmaz et al., 2020 ). Among these approaches, vaccination is the most successful strategy providing a high relative percentage of survival (RPS) and the protection may be promoted through optimization of administration methods, water temperature, booster vaccination and adjuvants (Chettri et al., 2013 ; Jaafar et al., 2015 ; Raida & Buchmann, 2008a ; Skov et al., 2018 ; Soltani et al., 2014 ; Yamaguchi et al., 2019 ).…”

“…Vaccines, immunostimulants, prebiotics and probiotics have been shown to confer some protection against Y. ruckeri (Adel et al, 2020;Austin et al, 2003;Bilen et al, 2020;Medina et al, 2020;Ohtani et al, 2020;Rashidian et al, 2020;Yamaguchi et al, 2019;Yilmaz et al, 2020). Among these approaches, vaccination is the most successful strategy providing a high relative percentage of survival (RPS) and the protection may be promoted through optimization of administration methods, water temperature, booster vaccination and adjuvants (Chettri et al, 2013;Jaafar et al, 2015;Raida & Buchmann, 2008a;Skov et al, 2018;Soltani et al, 2014;Yamaguchi et al, 2019).…”