In Vitro Availability of Calcium, Iron, and Zinc from First-Age Infant Formulae and Human Milk

Bosscher, Douwina; Caillie‐Bertrand, M. Van; Robberecht, H.; Dyck, Kristien Van; Cauwenbergh, Rudy Van; Deelstra, H.

doi:10.1097/00005176-200101000-00016

Cited by 59 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Gastrointestinal digestion was applied to infant cereals, whether or not dephytinized, and reconstituted with deionized distilled water using the in vitro method described by Miller et al [15] with modifications aimed at reducing the amounts of the enzymes used because the gastrointestinal tract in the early stages of life is not yet fully developed [16,17] . The method consisted of two phases: gastric and intestinal.…”

Section: In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of dephytinization on bioavailability of iron, calcium and zinc from infant cereals assessed in the Caco-2 cell model

Frontela

Scarino²,

Ferruzza³

et al. 2009

WJG

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AIM:To test the effect of the dephytinization of three different commercial infant cereals on iron, calcium, and zinc bioavailability by estimating the uptake, retention, and transport by Caco-2 cells. METHODS:Both dephytinized (by adding an exogenous phytase) and non-dephytinized infant cereals were digested using an in vitro digestion protocol adapted to the gastrointestinal conditions of infants younger than 6 mo. Mineral cell retention, transport, and uptake from infant cereals were measured using the soluble fraction of the simulated digestion and the Caco-2 cells. RESULTS:Dephytinization of infant cereals significantly increased (P < 0.05) the cell uptake efficiency (from 0.66%-6.05% to 3.93%-13%), retention (from 6.04%-16.68% to 14.75%-20.14%) and transport efficiency (from 0.14%-2.21% to 1.47%-6.02%), of iron, and the uptake efficiency (from 5.0%-35.4% to 7.3%-41.6%) and retention (from 4.05%-20.53% to 14.45%-61.3%) of zinc, whereas calcium only cell uptake showed a significant increase (P < 0.05) after removing phytate from most of the samples analyzed. A positive relationship (P < 0.05) between mineral solubility and the cell uptake and transport efficiencies was observed. CONCLUSION:Removing phytate from infant cereals had a beneficial effect on iron and zinc bioavailability when infant cereals were reconstituted with water. Since in developing countries cereal-based complementary foods for infants are usually consumed mixed with water, exogenous phytase additions could improve the nutritional value of this weaning food.

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Section: In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of dephytinization on bioavailability of iron, calcium and zinc from infant cereals assessed in the Caco-2 cell model

Frontela

Scarino²,

Ferruzza³

et al. 2009

WJG

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“…Alguns métodos foram aplicados para avaliar a biodisponibilidade do ferro de alimentos utilizados por lactentes, principalmente técnicas in vitro 5,[10][11][12][13][14] e in vivo com adultos 6,7,10,15 e com ratos com 14 ou 21 dias de vida 11,16 . No entanto, em nenhum dos estudos da literatura foi comparada a absorção do ferro da fórmula infantil com a do leite de vaca integral fortificado, oferecido com frequência como única fonte de alimento para lactentes com menos de 6 meses não amamentados, considerando o leite de vaca integral como a opção de menor custo.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Iron absorption from infant formula and iron-fortified cow’s milk: experimental model in weanling rats

Costa

Freitas²,

Amâncio

et al. 2009

J Pediatr (Rio J)

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Objective: To compare iron absorption from infant formula and iron-fortified cow's milk.Methods: Twenty-four weanling Wistar rats were maintained in metabolic cages during the whole experiment (10 days). On the first day, the animals were divided into three similar groups according to their weight, length, hematocrit and hemoglobin levels: 1) infant formula; 2) powdered whole cow's milk fortified with iron in the same quantity and type as the formula; 3) control -powdered whole cow's milk not fortified with iron. Deionized water and diet were offered ad libitum, and the volume consumed was measured. Weight, hematocrit, and hemoglobin levels were measured on the fifth and 10th days when length, fecal occult blood, and hepatic iron levels were also analyzed.Results: Group 1 consumed less diet (450.5±26.50 mL) than group 2 (658.8±53.73 mL) and control group (532.7±19.06 mL, p < 0.001). Hemoglobin levels were higher (p < 0.001) in group 1 (12.1±1.13 g/dL) than in group 2 (9.6±1.59 g/dL) and in control group (6.2±0.97 g/dL). Hepatic iron level showed the same pattern as hemoglobin (p < 0.001). There was no difference in weight and length between the three groups (p = 0.342). There was no fecal occult blood in the any of the animals. Conclusions:Despite the lower volume consumed, the group that received formula presented higher iron absorption and hemoglobin levels than the group fed with fortified whole cow's milk. Growth was similar in the three groups. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2009;85(5):449-454:Breast milk substitutes, dietary iron, biological availability, iron deficiency. ResumoObjetivo: Comparar a absorção do ferro da fórmula de partida e do leite de vaca integral fortificado. Métodos:Foram utilizados 24 ratos machos Wistar recém-desmamados, mantidos em gaiolas metabólicas durante todo o período do experimento (10 dias). No primeiro dia, os animais foram distribuídos em três grupos semelhantes quanto ao peso, comprimento, hematócrito e hemoglobina: 1) fórmula de partida para lactentes; 2) leite de vaca integral em pó fortificado com a mesma quantidade e tipo de sal de ferro da fórmula; e 3) controle -leite de vaca integral em pó não fortificado com ferro. Água e dieta foram oferecidas ad libitum com mensuração do volume consumido. Peso, hematócrito e hemoglobina foram mensurados no quinto e no 10º dia do experimento, quando foram analisados também comprimento, sangue oculto nas fezes e teor de ferro hepático.Resultados: O grupo 1 ingeriu menor volume de dieta (450,5±26,50 mL) que os grupos 2 (658,8±53,73 mL) e controle (532,7±19,06 mL; p < 0,001). As concentrações de hemoglobina foram maiores (p < 0,001) no grupo 1 (12,1±1,13 g/dL) que nos grupos 2 (9,6±1,59 g/dL) e controle (6,2±0,97 g/dL). O teor de ferro hepático apresentou o mesmo comportamento da hemoglobina (p < 0,001). Não foi observada diferença de peso e comprimento nos três grupos (p = 0,342). Não foi detectado sangue oculto nas fezes de nenhum dos animais. Conclusões:Apesar do menor volume ingerido, o grupo que recebeu fórmula apresentou maior abso...

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“…We adapted an in vitro digestion and dialysis model that predicts in vivo availability of iron [6,7] to mimic the progressive maturation of intestinal physiology of the infant during the fi rst months of life [7] . These functional properties were compared to the polyphenol content of tested compounds.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron Availability and Consumption of Tea, Vervain and Mint during Weaning in Morocco

et al. 2006

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Background/Aims: Iron deficiency impairs growth and psychomotor development of infants. In Morocco, infusions are introduced very early in infant diet, and could contribute to iron deficiency, due to their high polyphenol content. Methods: The availability of tea, mint and vervain infusions was assessed using an in vitro model of digestion and dialysis. Two gastric pHs were used: pH 4 as in the first week life, and pH 2.5 as in older infants. Six repetitions of each experiment were made. The total polyphenol content of infusions was measured. Results: At pH 4 and at pH 2.5, iron availability was decreased by tea and vervain, and increased by mint and ascorbic acid. At both pHs it was increased by addition of ascorbic acid to tea and vervain. In addition, at pH 2.5 it was increased by addition of ascorbic acid to mint. The highest value was observed in the presence of both ascorbic acid and mint (33.1 ± 4.1%). In any case, iron availability was higher at pH 2.5 than at pH 4 (with single compounds or combinations with ascorbic acid). The polyphenol contents (mg/l) of tea, vervain and mint infusions were 2,236.1, 771.1, and 16.5. Conclusions: Tea and vervain infusions inhibited iron availability. In contrast, mint improved it; vitamin C helped in preventing these inhibiting properties. It could be proposed to discourage tea and vervain drinking at early weaning and to replace them by mint infusion, or at least to promote the consumption of vitamin C-rich fruit juice to counteract these inhibiting effects.

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In Vitro Availability of Calcium, Iron, and Zinc from First-Age Infant Formulae and Human Milk

Abstract: Our observations are in agreement with previous data from in vivo studies in term infants. This in vitro procedure is an inexpensive, simple, rapid, and reliable method that predicts the bioavailability of Ca, Fe, and Zn in foods.

Cited by 59 publications

References 16 publications

Effect of dephytinization on bioavailability of iron, calcium and zinc from infant cereals assessed in the Caco-2 cell model

Effect of dephytinization on bioavailability of iron, calcium and zinc from infant cereals assessed in the Caco-2 cell model

Iron absorption from infant formula and iron-fortified cow’s milk: experimental model in weanling rats

Iron Availability and Consumption of Tea, Vervain and Mint during Weaning in Morocco

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