In vitro biocompatibility of chitosan porous skin regenerating templates (PSRTs) using primary human skin keratinocytes

N,O-Carboxymethylchitosan (NO-CMC) and Oligo-Chitosan (O-C) : Scaffold Characterization

“…Chitosan is a polysaccharide that contains N-acetyl glucosamine and is obtained from the deacetylation of chitin, which is derived from the exoskeleton of arthropods such as crabs, shrimps, lobsters and insects [4]. Chitosan biomaterials have been shown to exhibit and possess good biocompatibility, antimicrobial activity, biodegradability, hemostatic activity, antioxidant properties and drug delivery abilities [5][6][7][8][9]. Lately, these biomaterials have attracted more interest, and a variety of procedures have been proposed to produce standard modified chitosan biomaterials by altering the structure and the physical and chemical composition of chitosan polymers to generate distinct formulations of chitosan derivatives for various applications in the fields of biotechnology, tissue engineering, cosmetics, biomedicine, food and agriculture [10][11][12][13].…”

In VitroEvaluation of a Biomedical-Grade Bilayer Chitosan Porous Skin Regenerating Template as a Potential Dermal Scaffold in Skin Tissue Engineering

“…By using primary human cell cultures, in this case pHEKs, these results should also better reflect the cytotoxicity outcomes expected in humans, compared with results from transformed cell lines, fibroblasts, or animal cell lines [6,7,17,18]. LDH is a stable cytoplasmic enzyme present in most cells that is released when the plasma membrane is damaged or ruptured.…”

“…Keratinocytes are the primary cell type in the epidermis and serve as a major contributor of epidermal cytokines, particularly pro-inflammatory cytokines, that act as the first line of defense to protect the body from invaders [24]. Many of the currently identified cytokines, such as IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, and TNF-α, are produced by keratinocytes, either constitutively or upon induction by various stimuli [7,25]. The findings of this study corroborate the cytokine expression profiles of keratinocytes.…”

“…Tissue engineering uses polymer scaffolds to promote cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation in vitro. Although chitosan has been used in various types of biocompatible wound dressings, such as films, pastes, sheets, and porous templates 2 International Journal of Polymer Science [5][6][7][8], it also has intrinsic wound-healing abilities [9]. A novel biomedical-grade bilayer chitosan porous skin regenerating template (CPSRT) was developed for use as a dermal scaffold for skin tissue engineering to take advantage of these wound-healing abilities as well as the biocompatible nature of chitosan.…”

Biomedical-Grade Chitosan in Wound Management and Its Biocompatibility In Vitro

“…Significant advancement in wound care was pioneered by moist wound healing theory in the 1960's, which determined that occluded wounds healed faster than dry wounds and a moist wound healing environment increased the healing rates (Winter, 1962). Chitosan has been widely used as a biomedical application due to its excellent biocompatibility (Keong & Halim 2009;Lim et al, 2010). Chitosan is a benefit to wound healing because it stimulates hemostasis and accelerates tissue regeneration (Hoekstra et al, 1998).…”