In Vitro Characterization of Multilamellar Fibers with Uniaxially Oriented Electrospun Type I Collagen Scaffolds

Abstract

Fabrication of an appropriate scaffold is critical in order to recapitulate the architecture and functionality of the native tissue. In this study, we attempted to create favorable collagen fiber alignment and multilamellar with uniaxially oriented layers, using a disc collector by turning mats 90 degrees horizontally at specific times. Different concentrations of rat tail-derived type I collagen (3, 6, 8% w/v) in 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) are used for electrospinning affairs. The 6% w/v collagen at an applied voltage of 20 kV and collector rotation of 2500 rpm was selected to exhibit bead-free homogeneous nanofiber with fiber thickness of 0.14 ± 0.4 µm, maximum thickness of 0.5 ± 0.08 µm, and 60% porosity. Also, scanning electron microscope images of electrospun fibers showed 3D multilamellar scaffold with the goodness of 96.5% ± 0.8 in each aligned uniaxially oriented fiber layer. Cross-linking of collagen fibers with N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N0-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC)/N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) reduced the fiber degradation rate and preserved the fiber morphology and alignment. The multilamellar mat showed significant increase in tensile strength and average breaking elongation in comparison with unilamellar mat. In vitro cell culture, using human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAT-MSCs) on cross-linked scaffold, showed improvement in cell proliferation, attachment, migration, and intercellular junction with a flattened morphology. Raman spectra revealed the preservation of collagen structure. In addition, Raman spectra of the cell containing scaffold were the same as those of an intact intervertebral disc as a sample to be used in engineering tissues. In conclusion, our results showed that the 3D multilamellar collagen nanofibrous scaffold is more appropriate for the tissues that have multilamellar structure.

Electrospinning of Liquefied Banana Stem Residue in Conjugation with Hydroxyapatite Nanocrystals: Towards New Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering

“…The rst step in electrospinning process is preparation of the polymer solution with an appropriate viscosity and surface tension. There have already been numerous studies on electrospun nano bers from various natural polymers (Angel et al 2020;Bombin et al 2020;Hooshmand-Ardakani et al 2020;Zarei et al 2021); however, since naturally occurring cellulose is insoluble in most organic solvents owing to its high crystallinity enhanced by tremendous hydrogen bonding network, most of the researchers have focused on cellulose derivatives and only few attempts have been made for direct electrospinning of dissolving cellulose. On the other hand, electrospinning of cellulose derived from plants in conjugation with HA nanoparticles has rarely been reported, probably because it may be di cult to prepare a convenient solution/dispersion with high solution concentration in terms of cellulose and high dispersion stability in terms of HA nanoparticles.…”