2013
DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2012.12.008
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In vitro characterization of the effectiveness of enhanced sewage treatment processes to eliminate endocrine activity of hospital effluents

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Cited by 90 publications
(57 citation statements)
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References 67 publications
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“…The two main sources of pharmaceuticals entering the environment are sewage from urbanised areas, ending up in sewage treatment works (STWs), and livestock feedlots using pharmaceuticals for growth promotion and disease control (Maletz et al, 2013). Through these pathways of exposure, several types of PPCPs (such as anti-inflammatory drugs, antibiotics, anti-epileptics, anti-depressants, skin care products, disinfectants, etc.)…”
Section: Sources and Emission Routes Of Pharmaceuticals Into The Envimentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…The two main sources of pharmaceuticals entering the environment are sewage from urbanised areas, ending up in sewage treatment works (STWs), and livestock feedlots using pharmaceuticals for growth promotion and disease control (Maletz et al, 2013). Through these pathways of exposure, several types of PPCPs (such as anti-inflammatory drugs, antibiotics, anti-epileptics, anti-depressants, skin care products, disinfectants, etc.)…”
Section: Sources and Emission Routes Of Pharmaceuticals Into The Envimentioning
confidence: 99%
“…eventually end up at water treatment facilities with the hope that these chemicals are effectively removed before being discharged into rivers and impoundments downstream. Although the amount of PPCP waste products from producers is relatively low (GWRC, 2003), several other industries, such as hospitals and clinics, can contribute greatly to the discharge of PPCPs through sewage and wastewater into the environment (Maletz et al, 2013;Al Aukidy et al, 2014). One way of estimating the levels of PPCPs in the environment is to gather information regarding the usage of PPCPs by the general public in the area of concern.…”
Section: Sources and Emission Routes Of Pharmaceuticals Into The Envimentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This was substantiated by Maletz et al (2013) in the survey of articles and abstract available online from more than 15,475 international journals and other science scholar database. It is on this basis that other AOTs such as electrohydraulic discharge process, heterogeneous photocatalysis, and ultrasonic irradiation were considered and reviewed accordingly.…”
mentioning
confidence: 84%
“…produces toxic disinfection by-products 3 (DBP) that are genotoxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic to human health. Adsorption produces toxic sludge, and, not just that, pollutants are being transformed from one phase to another without necessarily being decomposed (Kasprzyk-Hordern et al 2009;Maletz et al 2013). Other treatment processes may be hindered by economics and wastewater characteristics.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The concentration of potential chemicals may be related to hospital scale, that is, large hospitals equate to high concentrations of potential chemicals [25]. Although traditional wastewater treatment technologies could remove these potential chemicals to some extent, the remaining compounds are harmful to aquatic organisms and even to humans who experience a prolonged exposure at low concentrations [26]. The toxicological effects and damages of potential chemicals are listed in Table 1.…”
Section: Toxicological Effects and Damages Of Potential Chemicalsmentioning
confidence: 99%