In vitro Clonal Multiplication of Two Grape (Vitis spp.) Rootstock Genotypes

Abstract

Single node segments were used to initiate in vitro cultures in two grape rootstocks namely, Dogridge (Vitis champini) and H-144 (Vitis vinifera × V. labrusca). Culture establishment was enhanced using different growth regulators, while BAP was found essential for culture initiation in both genotypes. Less success (38.31%) was obtained in culture establishment of H-144 but it exhibited better vegetative growth and rooting and ex vitro performance as compared to Dogridge. Higher shoot multiplication rate (12 micro-cuttings per culture) was recorded in H-144 while only 9 micro-cuttings per subculture were registered in Dogridge. Addition of activated charcoal to the rooting medium was found beneficial with enhancement of rooting and reduction in time to root initiation in both genotypes. The results suggested that multiplication of these two grape rootstock genotypes can be carried out efficiently by means of direct in vitro regeneration using nodal segments. In vitro performance of these two genotypes was also compared during different stages of micropropagation.

Somaclonal variations and their applications in horticultural crops improvement

“…Though, the in vitro morphogenesis seems to be highly dependent on plant growth regulators and media used for culture, it is again genotype specific (Alizadeh et al 2010; Eftekhari et al 2012). Among factors affecting somaclonal variation, plant genotype is probably the most important determinant of variation (Shen et al 2007; Tican et al 2008; Nwauzoma and Jaja 2013).…”

“…Plant tissue culture techniques proffer a substitute method of vegetative propagation of horticultural crops (Krishna et al 2005; Alizadeh et al 2010). Clonal propagation through tissue culture (popularly known as micropropagation) can be realized relatively rapidly within a small space (Krishna et al 2008; Eftekhari et al 2012).…”

Factors affecting in vitro cultivation of grape (Vitis vinifera L.): a review

“…From commercial viticulture perspective, nearly all grape varieties are propagated through stem cutting, layering and grafting in most parts of the world. However, this increases the susceptibility of cultivated varieties to disease causing agents (microbes, mites, insects, nematodes, fungi, bacteria, viruses and more importantly Phylloxera) (Alizadeh et al, 2010). Factors like slow and seasonal multiplication and infection with pathogens have constrained the use of conventional plant propagation methods, thus lead to development of new and novel methods of propagation like in vitro multiplication, which ensures the production of virus and disease free elite planting material in large numbers.…”

Desarrollo y aplicación de técnicas biotecnológicas para el saneamiento, multiplicación, caracterización y conservación de germoplasma de vid (Vitis vinifera L.)

“…En el caso de la vid se han publicado algunos trabajos de micropropagación, pero sin mucho éxito , Mathre et al 2000. En la multiplicación de este cultivo suelen presentarse dificultades como la vitrificación de las plantas o problemas en su correcto desarrollo , Alizadeh et al 2010) y, además, es habitual que haya un efecto de la composición mineral del medio de cultivo, así como de los reguladores de crecimiento empleados . En este trabajo, se han utilizado plantas libres de virus de la variedad 'Monastrell' obtenidas en un proyecto anterior y se han conseguido altas tasas de multiplicación.…”

“…En este ensayo se comparó el rendimiento tras utilizar dos composiciones minerales en el medio de cultivo; éste se duplicó al utilizar las sales de 'Lloyd and McCown woody plant salts' (medio W) respecto de las de 'Murashige and Skoog' (medio B) a un medio de concentración de los macronutrientes. Los brotes inducidos elongaron sin dificultad y no se observó vitrificación como se ha descrito en Alizadeh et al (2010). Esta diferencia de resultados puede deberse a la utilización de otro genotipo hasta ahora no empleado, a la composición del medio de cultivo que no es similar o a la transferencia en nuestro trabajo de los brotes inducidos en medio con Bencilaminopurina (BAP) a medio de cultivo sin reguladores del crecimiento para facilitar el desarrollo.…”