In vitro comparison of cleaning efficacy and force of cylindric interdental brush versus an interdental rubber pick

Graetz, Christian; Schoepke, Kristina; Rabe, Johanna; Schorr, Susanne; Geiken, Antje; Christofzik, David; Rinder, Thomas; Dörfer, Christof E.; Sälzer, Sonja

doi:10.1186/s12903-021-01558-4

Cited by 4 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Moreover, it was confirmed that there was a positive correlation between the diameter of the IDBs and cleaning efficacy. This evidence supported the previous article’s claim that the size and specifications of oral hygiene aids such as IDBs should be accurately selected [ 22 , 23 ]. Herein, the plateau obtained after the 5th washing cycle shows the same tendency in other studies [ 11 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…This is thought to be because the toothbrush has to be longer than the actual diameter to penetrate deeper as the shape of the actual tooth is concave. The cleaning efficacy of an IDB is influenced by the design and diameter of the IDB, and the size of the interdental space [ 26 , 27 ]. Therefore, further studies are needed on the effect of these factors like varying diameters and shapes of IDBs on cleaning efficacy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…But no study focused on evaluation of the IDBs in different sizes using the 3D-print model. However, there was a study that tested cylindrical IDBs (0.8, 0.9, 1.2, and 1.4 mm) and interdental tooth surfaces constructed by a 3D printer based on human teeth and matched to morphologically equivalent pairs, such as the isosceles triangle, concave and convex fitting to the different gap sizes (1.0, 1.1, and 1.3 mm) [ 23 ]. In an isosceles triangle with a 1 mm gap, IDBs with a 0.9 mm diameter showed the highest cleaning efficiency at 84%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficacy of an interdental brush in cleaning artificial plaque on a 3D-printed model base

2022

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Background Among interdental cleaning aids (ICAs), interdental brushes (IDBs) are in the spotlight because they can effectively remove plaque from interdental surfaces. Guidance on the correct use of ICAs, such as IDBs, is required to prevent dental plaque accumulation. Since it is impossible to confirm the interdental proximal surface unless extracted, it is difficult to conduct quantitative experiments. This study presented an efficient way to evaluate IDBs by realizing dental structures and embrasures using a Dental computer-aided design (CAD) software and a 3D printer. Methods Two different sizes of embrasure (0.7 and 1.2 mm) crown models were prepared with CAD software and a 3D printer. To evaluate the cleaning efficacy of IDBs of each size (0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, and 1.5 mm diameters), the 9th cycle of brush move was performed where artificial plaque was spread and a digital camera was used to record the process. The pixels and percentage of cleaning from the recorded digital images were analyzed. Results The plateau was formed after the 5th brushing cycle under all conditions—after the 5th cycle, the cleaning efficacy of the two crown models was 69.3–86.4% and 49.8–75.4%. In these results, the optimal diameters for the IDB were 1.2 and 1.5 mm for embrasure sizes of 0.7 and 1.2 mm, respectively. Moreover, the cleaning efficacy was the highest at 86.4% and 75.4% after the 9th cycle. Conclusions The 3D-printed model base for the human oral embrasure structure is an adequate model to test artificial plaque removal using IDB. The use of IDBs for more than five cycles does not support the conventional idea that a greater number of IDB brushing moves is more effective in a statistically substantial manner.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficacy of an interdental brush in cleaning artificial plaque on a 3D-printed model base

2022

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“…As the model basis, the experimental device developed in previous publications [ 7 , 8 ] was modified in such a way, that a situation adapted to the oral cavity is possible under reproducible conditions. Therefore, the current in-vitro model simulates even more realistically a patient situation of oral hygiene at home, i.e.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…for patients with dry mouth. As explained in detail in our previous publications [ 7 , 8 ] we used 3D printed replicas of human teeth to create different intraoral morphologies by a computer software (Autodesk Fusion 360, Autodesk Direct Limited, Hampshire, United Kingdom) which were printed by a 3D printer (Form 2, Formlabs Sommerville, MA, USA) in a stereolithography way by using liquid photopolymer resin (White Resin V04 (RS-F2-GPWH-04), Formlabs, Sommerville, MA, USA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of artificial saliva on the cleaning force of interdental rubber picks: an in-vitro comparison

et al. 2022

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Background The familiar aids for interdental cleaning such as dental floss or interdental brushes (IDB) are often associated with difficult handling or an increased potential for trauma. Interdental picks (IRP), which have no metal core and silicone flaps instead of nylon brushes, offer the alternative. However, in-vitro studies found a lower cleaning effectiveness combined with higher forces for cleaning compared with conventional IDBs. The aim of this in-vitro study was to measure the experimental cleaning forces (ECF) using IRP with versus without an artificial saliva (AS; GUM Hydral, Sunstar Suisse SA, Etoy, Switzerland). Methods The test set-up was developed to investigate the cleaning of 3D-printed interdental area (IDR) mimicking human teeth (Form 2, Formlabs Sommerville, MA, USA) under standardized conditions. Three different morphologies (isosceles triangle, convex, concave) and three different sizes (1.0 mm,1.1 mm,1.3 mm) were used. Two different IRPs (GUM Soft-picks Advanced: SPA versus GUM Soft-picks Advanced Plus: SPA+, Sunstar Suisse SA, Etoy, Switzerland) in three sizes (small, regular, large), were used with versus without AS. ECF during ten cleaning cycles were recorded by a load cell [N]. Results Using AS leaded to significant lower values for ECF than without (1.04 ± 0.66 N versus 1.97 ± 1.01 N, p < 0.001). In general, a lower ECF was recorded for convex IDR compared to isosceles triangle and concave morphologies (p < 0.001) as well as for gap sizes of 1.3 mm compared to the smaller sizes (p < 0.001). For SPA+ we found significantly higher force values than for SPA (1.67 ± 0.93 N versus 1.31 ± 0.97 N, p < 0.001) independent of the use of AS. Conclusion Within the study´s in-vitro limitations, we found AS reduced ECF of IRPs by half and allowed using larger diameters interdentally, which could be associated with (1) a higher cleaning effectiveness and (2) a higher acceptance e.g. of patients with dry mouth. This has to be confirmed by further clinical investigations.

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New design of interdental rubber picks - does the archimedean screw design bring an improvement for experimental cleaning efficacy and force?

Härdter,

Nordloh,

Cyris

et al. 2024

BMC Oral Health

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Background Up to date, interdental brushes (IDB) are the first choice for interdental cleaning because of their cleaning efficacy. Cylindrical ones must be selected individually according to the size/morphology of the interdental area (IDR), whereas conical ones cover a larger variability of IDR. However, there is a trend on the part of patients towards interdental rubber picks (IRP) which are in general conically shaped, and which seem to be linked with lower cleaning efficacy. A new IRP with an Archimedes´ screw design was developed to overcome this limitation. Therefore, the in vitro study aimed to measure the experimental cleaning efficacy (ECE) and force (ECF) during interdental use of IDBs versus the new IRP type. Methods Three IRPs with different tapers (PHB angled: 0.039, PHB straight S: 0.027, Vitis straight M: 0.045; all Flexipicks, Dentaid, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain) were compared to one IDB (Interprox micro PHD 0.9, Dentaid, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain). IDR were reproduced by a 3D-printer (Form2, Formlabs Sommerville, MA, USA) according to human teeth and matched to equivalent pairs (isosceles triangle, concave, convex) in three different diameters (1.0 mm,1.1 mm,1.3 mm). Covered with simulated biofilm, pre-/ post-brushing situations of IDR (standardized, computer-aided ten cycles) were photographed and quantified by digital image subtraction to calculate ECE [%]. ECF were registered with a load cell [N]. Statistically significant differences were detected using the Mann-Whitney-U-test and the Kruskal-Wallis-test with Bonferroni correction for multiple testing. Results Overall, the ECE (mean ± SD) was higher for IDB micro 0.9 (45.95 ± 11.34%, p < 0.001) compared to all IRPs (PHB angled: 25.37 ± 15.29%; PHB straight: 22.28 ± 16.75%; Vitis straight: 25.24 ± 12.21%; p ≤ 0.001), whereat best ECE was achieved in isosceles triangle IDR of 1.0–1.1 mm (IDB micro 0.9: 70.7 ± 7.7%; PHB angled S: 57.30 ± 4.43%; p < 0.001). The highest ECF occurred for Vitis straight M with 2.11 ± 0.46 N, while IDB micro 0.9 showed lowest ECF values (0.64 ± 0.14 N; p < 0.001). Conclusions IRP with an Archimedes´ screw design and a higher taper were associated with advanced ECE but also higher ECF, nevertheless, ECE didn’t reach the cleaning efficacy of conventional IDBs.

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In vitro comparison of cleaning efficacy and force of cylindric interdental brush versus an interdental rubber pick

Cited by 4 publications

References 17 publications

Efficacy of an interdental brush in cleaning artificial plaque on a 3D-printed model base

Efficacy of an interdental brush in cleaning artificial plaque on a 3D-printed model base

The influence of artificial saliva on the cleaning force of interdental rubber picks: an in-vitro comparison

New design of interdental rubber picks - does the archimedean screw design bring an improvement for experimental cleaning efficacy and force?

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