In-vitro Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Green Synthesized Gold Nanoparticles and Its Indigenous Mouthwash

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the prepared Gold Nanoparticles from Triphala Plant extract and of the indigenous mouthwash prepared from these Triphala based gold nanoparticles (AuNP’s) using Artemia salina test. Its objective was to assess whether the prepared mouthwash was safe and biocompatible to use as an alternative to commercial mouthwashes in orthodontic patients to reduce the plaque load around brackets and bands as an adjuvant to tooth brushing. 15 g of brine shrimps was hatched in salt solution after incubating them for 24 – h. Prepared AuNP’s at concentrations 0µL (microliter), 5µL, 10µL, 20µL, 30µL, 50µL were added using a micropipette in one of the microtiter plates and mouthwash prepared from these AuNP’s were added at concentrations 0µL, 10µL, 20µL, 30µL, 40µL, 50µL in another microtiter plate. 10 Hatched nauplii (brine shrimps) were added in each of these microtiter plates and incubated for 24 – h. All nauplii were alive at the end of 24 – h in the microtiter plate containing AuNP’s. At concentrations 0µL, 10µL, 20µL, 30µL nauplii were alive and at 40µL, 50µL concentrations no nauplii were alive at the end of 24 – h in the microtiter plate containing mouthwash. Triphala mediated AuNP’s showed no toxic effect on the brine shrimps. AuNP’s based mouthwash showed excellent compatibility at lower concentrations. Mild toxic effects were elicited at higher concentrations. Hence, AuNP’s could be used to prepare mouthwashes at 20- 30 µL concentrations.

Recent advances in metal nanoparticles to treat periodontitis

“…Therefore, quicker absorption and a relatively greater drug loading arise from interactions at the surface. NPs' increased antibacterial action may be attributed to their huge surface area and high charge density, which allows them to interact with the negatively charged surface of bacterial cells [ 11 ]. Nanotechnology has a wide variety of potential dental applications.…”

New Chitosan-Grafted Thymol Coated on Gold Nanoparticles for Control of Cariogenic Bacteria in the Oral Cavity

“…Recently, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been proposed as an antimicrobial agent to prevent the oral infections. 4 − 6 Most of the published work has mainly focused on the preparation of AuNPs conjugated with antibiotics, antimicrobial peptides, and ligands 4 , 7 − 12 in order to enhance the antibacterial abilities. AuNPs with smaller sizes have various benefits in antibiotic delivery such as regulating size and morphology, high-density surface ligands, and delivery without losing drugs which protects them from destruction.…”

“…Three different types of clinically used and most frequently studied antiplaque agents are sodium fluoride, ampicillin, and chlorhexidine. , However, some inherent issues of these antiplaque agents could not be avoided such as brown staining of the teeth and tongue, an unpleasant taste, enhanced supragingival calculus formation, and rarely painful desquamations of the oral mucosa all of which have led to the search for new formulations. Recently, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been proposed as an antimicrobial agent to prevent the oral infections. − Most of the published work has mainly focused on the preparation of AuNPs conjugated with antibiotics, antimicrobial peptides, and ligands ,− in order to enhance the antibacterial abilities. AuNPs with smaller sizes have various benefits in antibiotic delivery such as regulating size and morphology, high-density surface ligands, and delivery without losing drugs which protects them from destruction.…”