In vitro Effects of a Novel Silver-based Complex on Influenza Virus

Abstract

The results of the experimental and theoretical studies of the processes of the single particles ignition of the wood biomass of various forms (a cube, a cylinder and a sphere) have been presented. According to the results of the experimental studies, it has been established that the particles form can have a fairly significant effect on the characteristics and conditions of ignition. It has been shown that the wood particles in the form of a sphere are ignited much faster than cylindrical and cubic ones (ignition delay times are less by 56%). Such a tendency is maintained for particles sizes from 1 $ 10 À3 m to 3 $ 10 À3 m. According to the results of the experiments, the mathematical model for ignition of a particle of wet wood biomass has been formulated, taking into account the joint occurrence of the main processes of the thermal preparation (radiation-convective particle heating, evaporation of water, thermal decomposition of the organic part of the fuel, output, ignition and combustion of gaseous pyrolysis products, ignition of the char residue). The formulated system of the nonlinear differential equations in the partial derivatives with the corresponding boundary conditions describes the ignition process in a two-dimensional setting, taking into account the substantial nonuniformity of the temperature field of a wood particle in the induction period. We have taken into account that the evaporation process takes place in the front. Up to the present time, the mathematical models of such a degree of detailing of the physical processes occurring together when igniting wet wood have not been formulated. A comparative analysis of the ignition delay times (t ign) obtained theoretically and experimentally has showed their satisfactory correspondence. As a result of the numerical simulation, the temperature fields in the system "a fuel particle d hightemperature medium" have been obtained, illustrating the high gradients of the temperatures at the moment of ignition. It has been established that it is possible to ignite the water-saturated wood particles before they dry completely. It has been established that the ignition mode of wood particles is possible before they dry completely.

Energy Requirements for Loss of Viral Infectivity

“…One key to understanding viral inactivation is to examine the dynamics of the conformational change that occurs during inactivation. Instead of studying conformational changes during viral inactivation using the entire virus, some studies investigate conformational changes on isolated proteins (Grgacic and Schaller 2000;Silnikov and Plotnikov 2018), on empty capsids (Poryvaev 1995;Moore et al 2016), or on virus-like particles (Ausar et al 2006;Snyder et al 2019). An alternative approach is to use energy considerations to infer the types of structural changes that occur during viral inactivation (Cartwright et al 1956; Barnes et al 1969;Burge et al 1983).…”

“…One key to understanding viral inactivation is to examine the dynamics of the conformational change that occurs during inactivation. Instead of studying conformational changes during viral inactivation using the entire virus, some studies investigate conformational changes on isolated proteins (Grgacic and Schaller 2000 ; Silnikov and Plotnikov 2018 ), on empty capsids (Poryvaev 1995 ; Moore et al. 2016 ), or on virus-like particles (Ausar et al.…”