In vitro effects of CaO nanoparticles on Triticale callus exposed to short and long-term salt stress

Abstract

Key message Ca 2+ NPs enhanced tolerance of Triticale callus under salt stress by improving biochemical activity and confocal laser scanning analysis, conferring salt tolerance on callus cells. Abstract CaO NPs (Ca 2+ ) are significant components that act as transducers in many adaptive and developmental processes in plants. In this study, effect of Ca 2+ NPs on the response and regulation of the protective system in Triticale callus under short and long-salt treatments was investigated. The activation of Ca 2+ NPs was induced by salt stress in callus of Triticale cultivars. MDA, H 2 O 2 , POD, and protein activities were determined in callus tissues. Concerning MDA, H 2 O 2 , protein activities, it was found that the Ca 2+ NPs treatment was significant, and it demonstrated a high correlation with the tolerance levels of cultivars. Tatlıcak cultivar was detected for better MDA activities in the short time with 1.5 ppm Ca 2+ NPs concentration of 50 g and 100 g NaCl. Similarly, the same cultivar responded with better H 2 O 2 activity at 1.5 ppm Ca 2+ NPs 100 g NaCl in the short time. POD activities exhibited a decreasing trend in response to the increasing concentrations of Ca 2+ NPs. The best result was observed at 1.5 ppm Ca 2+ NPs 100 g NaCl in the short term. Based on the protein content, treatment of short-term cultured callus cells with 1.5 ppm Ca 2+ NPs inhibited stress response and it significantly promoted Ca 2+ NPs signals as compared to control callus. Confocal laser scanning analysis proved that the application of Ca 2+ NPs could alleviate the adverse effects of salt stress by the inhibition of stress severity in callus cells. This study demonstrated, under in vitro conditions, that the application of Ca 2+ NPs can significantly suppress the adverse effects of salt stress on Triticale callus; it was also verified that the concentration of Ca 2+ NPs could be important parameter to be considered in adjusting the micronutrient content in the media for this plant.

Assessment of the Effects of Newly Fabricated CaO, CuO, ZnO Nanoparticles on Callus Formation Maintainance of Alfalfa (Medicago Sativa L.) Under In Vitro Salt Stress

“…4). These results are contributed with the outcomes obtained on callus cells tissues in different Triticale genotypes (Yazıcılar et al 2021). The POD activity with NPs in callus tissues was considerably decreased exposed control and in presence of 50 mM NaCl.…”

“…The spectra of the XRD analysis (X-ray diffraction) of the CaO NPs structure are shown in Figure 2 Yazıcılar et al 2021). The ndings obtained con rmed that the structure of CaO NPs was successfully formed.…”

“…Excess concentrations of various types of salts such as carbonates, calcium, chlorides, sulfates, magnesium, potassium and sodium, de ne various salinity growth mediums. Various control strategies have been supposed to challenge salt stress (Yazıcılar et al 2021;Gao et al 2016). Salt stress decreases root growth, stem expansion, leaf length, disrupts water-use capacity, and lowers plant water activity.…”

“…Callus can be stimulated further for the in vitro proporagation of whole plants and used to deliver NPs into plants. The treatments of NPs in callus culture increased their content of bioactive molecules in response to biotic and abiotic stress factors (Yazıcılar et al 2021;Bezirganoglu 2017). The improvement of novel strategy to characterize and clarify NPs in cells and tissues would support a better understanding of the potential effects during in vitro culture of plant tissues.…”

Promoting effects of melatonin supplements on the embryogenic callus maintainance in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)

“…Therefore the application of in vitro technique can be useful for genetic improving of alfalfa. The culture medium optimization can be affected by many traits, such as explant sources, genotype, growth conditions and medium composition (Yazıcılar et al, 2021). The combination of cytokinins and auxins promoted callus induction in a number plant species (Chaudhry et al, 2014).…”