In vitro effects of ethanol and mouthrinse on permeability in an oral buccal mucosal tissue construct

Koschier, Francis J.; Kostrubsky, Vsevolod E.; Toóle, Colleen; Gallo, Michael A.

doi:10.1016/j.fct.2011.06.018

Cited by 33 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…This is a reduction assay where yellow MTT was 545 reduced to purple formazan primarily by the action of enzymes which are located inside the mitochondria of the viable cells (Koschier et al, 2011). Figure 7 displays the respective cell viability data for the samples described above when exposed to Vero cells as measured by MTT 23 assay.…”

Section: Mtt Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional physico-chemical, ex vivo permeation and cell viability characterization of omeprazole loaded buccal films for paediatric drug delivery

Khan

Trivedi

Boateng

2016

International Journal of Pharmaceutics

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25Buccal films were prepared from aqueous and ethanolic Metolose gels using the solvent casting approach (40°C). The hydration (PBS and simulated saliva), mucoadhesion, physical stability (20°C, 40°C), in vitro drug (omeprazole) dissolution (PBS and simulated saliva), ex vivo permeation (pig buccal mucosa) in presence of simulated saliva, ex vivo bioadhesion and cell viability using MTT of drug loaded (DL) films were investigated. Hydration and mucoadhesion 30 results showed that swelling capacity and adhesion was higher in the presence of PBS than simulated saliva (SS) due to differences in ionic strength. Omeprazole was more stable at 20°C than 40°C whilst omeprazole release reached a plateau within 1 hour and faster in PBS than in SS. Fitting release data to kinetic models showed that Korsmeyer-Peppas equation best fit the dissolution data. Drug release in PBS was best described by zero order via non-Fickian 35 diffusion but followed super case II transport in SS attributed to drug diffusion and polymer erosion. The amount of omeprazole permeating over 2 hours was 275ug/cm 2 whilst the formulations and starting materials showed cell viability values greater than 95%, confirming their safety for potential use in paediatric buccal delivery.

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Section: Mtt Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional physico-chemical, ex vivo permeation and cell viability characterization of omeprazole loaded buccal films for paediatric drug delivery

Khan

Trivedi

Boateng

2016

International Journal of Pharmaceutics

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“…Lemos & Villoria (29) stated that the correlation between oral cancer and alcohol-based mouth rinses was so small, weak, inconsistent, and even contradictory that any kind of risk warning to patients would be uncalled for. The role of alcohol in oral tissues has also been studied and non-cytotoxicity and the absence of histopathological effects were found by Koschier et al (30). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytological changes in the oral mucosa after use of a mouth rinse with alcohol. A prospective double blind control study

Bagán¹,

Vera-Sempere²,

Marzal³

et al. 2012

Med Oral

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Aim: The aim of this preliminary study was to detect cytological changes in the oral mucosa after using a mouth wash with alcohol. Material and Methods: A prospective double-blind, controlled study was performed, for 6 months. Group 1 consisted of 30 subjects who used a mouth rinse with 26.9% of alcohol [Listerine®] and Group 2 consisted of 30 subjects who used a mouth rinse with the same ingredients but with no alcohol. We obtained three cytological samples from the oral mucosa. The presence of cytological atypia, binucleation and karyorrhesis, and type of cells were studied. We also used a fluorescent in situ hybridization technique (FISH) in 15 samples in each group, for the micronucleus. Results: We found no clinical mucosal alteration after using the mouth wash at the end of the study in either group. We observed no cytological differences between the groups at the end of the study (p>0.05). Regarding the study of the micronucleus by FISH, we observed no significant difference between the groups (p>0.05). Conclusions: Our results showed no cytological alteration in patients using a mouth rinse with alcohol, but these findings should be considered preliminary results, to be confirmed in a greater sample of patients. Key words:Mouth wash, oral mucosa, cytological change, alcohol.

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“…Undiluted, tissue toxicity of Listerine® was similar to that of 0.1% chlorhexidine (Chlorhexamed Fluid R ) and 0.3% triclosan (Colgate R ). using micronucleus and single cell gel electrophoresis tests as genetic endpoints, Türkez et al . () demonstrated the absence of genotoxicity of Listerine® on human lymphocytes; using a three‐dimensional human oral mucosal model, alcohol‐containing mouthwashes did not cause significant cytotoxic damage in contrast to the synthetic ‘tri‐ethylene glycol dimethacrylate’ which reduced the tissue viability and caused severe cytotoxic epithelial damage objectified by histology and transmission electron microscope analyses (Moharamzadeh et al ., ). in contrast to 0.12% chlorhexidine (Periogard R ) and Plax Whitening R (PVM/MA copolymer) which both induced genetic damage in exfoliated buccal mucosa cells, Listerine® was able to reduce genetic damage induced by hydrogen peroxide (antioxidative effect) after 2 weeks of mouthwashing (Carlin et al ., ). a 30‐s exposure to ethanol 26.9% or Listerine® followed by a 10‐h non‐treatment phase and then a second 30‐s exposure in vitro was without cytotoxical or histopathological effects and had no apparent effect on the permeability of caffeine (Koschier et al ., ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effectiveness and Safety of a Mouthwash Containing Essential Oil Ingredients

Vlachojannis

Winsauer

Chrubasik

2012

Phytotherapy Research

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The mouthwash, Listerine®, was compounded in 1879 from four essential oils. Later, the oils were replaced by one ingredient per oil with approximately 25% ethanol as a vehicle to keep them in solution. From then on, Listerine® was no longer a medicinal plant product. In 2003, a review by the FDA Subcommittee on Oral Health Care Drug Products for Over-the-Counter Human Use concluded that the product is effective and safe, and a review of studies published in the meantime showed that Listerine® fulfils the consensus criteria for an effective antigingivitis/antiplaque product. However, concerns have been raised about the long-term safety of some of the ingredients, particularly the ethanol content, and in the light of these concerns, the evidence has been re-examined for both the efficacy and safety of Listerine®. In summary, the studies support the claim that Listerine® shows benefit for oral health, but the concerns over its safety remain to be clarified. Until these have been addressed, high risk populations (children, alcohol addicts, patients with genetic deficiencies in ethanol metabolism) should use alcohol-free mouthwashes for the maintenance of oral health.

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In vitro effects of ethanol and mouthrinse on permeability in an oral buccal mucosal tissue construct

Cited by 33 publications

References 16 publications

Functional physico-chemical, ex vivo permeation and cell viability characterization of omeprazole loaded buccal films for paediatric drug delivery

Functional physico-chemical, ex vivo permeation and cell viability characterization of omeprazole loaded buccal films for paediatric drug delivery

Cytological changes in the oral mucosa after use of a mouth rinse with alcohol. A prospective double blind control study

Effectiveness and Safety of a Mouthwash Containing Essential Oil Ingredients

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