In Vitro Evaluation of Fluorescence Glucose  Biosensor Response

Aloraefy, Mamdouh; Pfefer, T. Joshua; Ramella‐Roman, Jessica C.; Sapsford, Kim E.

doi:10.3390/s140712127

Cited by 28 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Since this introduction, many different variations of the sensing assay have been designed and studied using the same scheme due to its tremendous potential for use in CGM devices. 16 − 22 Certain assay variations have immobilized ConA to a solid-phase (microdialysis membranes, beads, etc.) while leaving the competing ligand in free solution.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

PEGylation of Concanavalin A to Improve Its Stability for an In Vivo Glucose Sensing Assay

et al. 2014

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Competitive binding assays utilizing concanavalin A (ConA) have the potential to be the basis of improved continuous glucose monitoring devices. However, the efficacy and lifetime of these assays have been limited, in part, by ConA’s instability due to its thermal denaturation in the physiological environment (37 °C, pH 7.4, 0.15 M NaCl) and its electrostatic interaction with charged molecules or surfaces. These undesirable interactions change the constitution of the assay and the kinetics of its behavior over time, resulting in an unstable glucose response. In this work, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) chains are covalently attached to lysine groups on the surface of ConA (i.e., PEGylation) in an attempt to improve its stability in these environments. Dynamic light scattering measurements indicate that PEGylation significantly improved ConA’s thermal stability at 37 °C, remaining stable for at least 30 days. Furthermore, after PEGylation, ConA’s binding affinity to the fluorescent competing ligand previously designed for the assay was not significantly affected and remained at ∼5.4 × 106 M–1 even after incubation at 37 °C for 30 days. Moreover, PEGylated ConA maintained the ability to track glucose concentrations when implemented within a competitive binding assay system. Finally, PEGylation showed a reduction in electrostatic-induced aggregation of ConA with poly(allylamine), a positively charged polymer, by shielding ConA’s charges. These results indicate that PEGylated ConA can overcome the instability issues from thermal denaturation and nonspecific electrostatic binding while maintaining the required sugar-binding characteristics. Therefore, the PEGylation of ConA can overcome major hurdles for ConA-based glucose sensing assays to be used for long-term continuous monitoring applications in vivo.

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confidence: 99%

PEGylation of Concanavalin A to Improve Its Stability for an In Vivo Glucose Sensing Assay

et al. 2014

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“…However, it has issues in signal production and interference. Therefore, to measure glucose concentration, it is proposed to use a fluorescent labeling method [46], which binds glucose with an exogenous fluorophore called a receptor. The experiment in this work was done in-vitro with 60 samples and the achieved correlation coefficient was found to be 0.964.…”

Section: Fluorescent Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table 2 summarizes various non-invasive optical techniques for blood glucose concertation estimation. [14,23,27,30,45,46,62,63].…”

Section: Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Non-Invasive Optical Systems for Continuous Blood Glucose Monitoring

Alsunaidi

Althobaiti

Tamal

et al. 2021

Sensors

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The prevalence of diabetes is increasing globally. More than 690 million cases of diabetes are expected worldwide by 2045. Continuous blood glucose monitoring is essential to control the disease and avoid long-term complications. Diabetics suffer on a daily basis with the traditional glucose monitors currently in use, which are invasive, painful, and cost-intensive. Therefore, the demand for non-invasive, painless, economical, and reliable approaches to monitor glucose levels is increasing. Since the last decades, many glucose sensing technologies have been developed. Researchers and scientists have been working on the enhancement of these technologies to achieve better results. This paper provides an updated review of some of the pioneering non-invasive optical techniques for monitoring blood glucose levels that have been proposed in the last six years, including a summary of state-of-the-art error analysis and validation techniques.

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“…Glucose biosensors have been implemented using various sensing techniques such as electrochemical, optical [4], [5], impedance [6] etc. Electrochemical technique is the oldest one and has been regularly upgraded with new materials such as CNT [7][8][9] and Graphene [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coplanar Waveguide Microwave Sensor for Label-Free Real-Time Glucose Detection

Sameer¹,

Agarwal²

2019

RADIOENGINEERING

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In this work, a real-time label-free microwave diagnostic approach using Co-Planar Waveguide (CPW) design has been demonstrated for glucose detection. This mechanism has tremendous potential for the biomedical applications. Here, glucose biosensor is implemented with 50Ω CPW transmission line, where the centre localized 3mm diameter of CPW transmission line has been used for the sensing. Glucose sensor is implemented utilizing low cost multilayer PCB and polymer Poly-Di-Methyl-Siloxane(PDMS) fabrication technology. CPW transmission line is fabricated on FR4 microwave laminate board. To confine the Analyte Under Test (AUT) on the sensing area, PDMS polymer cavity is configured in the centre of CPW transmission line. The electromagnetic interaction with the varying dielectric constant of Glucose:DI water solution results shift in S 11 parameter, which is closely observed to use as the source of sensing. CPW based glucose sensor is experimentally measured for S 11 parameter using VNA, with varying glucose concentration range from 0 mg/ml (only DI water) to 4 mg/ml with the interval of 1 mg/ml. The measured results showed good sensitivity of 108.4 MHz/mg/ml and high accuracy with good linear regression coefficient of 0.9979.

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In Vitro Evaluation of Fluorescence Glucose Biosensor Response

Cited by 28 publications

References 47 publications

PEGylation of Concanavalin A to Improve Its Stability for an In Vivo Glucose Sensing Assay

PEGylation of Concanavalin A to Improve Its Stability for an In Vivo Glucose Sensing Assay

A Review of Non-Invasive Optical Systems for Continuous Blood Glucose Monitoring

Coplanar Waveguide Microwave Sensor for Label-Free Real-Time Glucose Detection

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