In vitro evaluation of novel titania‐containing borate bioactive glass scaffolds

Abstract

Titanium-containing borate bioactive glass scaffolds (0, 5, 15, and 20 mol %, identified as BRT0, BRT1, BRT3, and BRT4) with a microstructure similar to that of human trabecular bone were prepared and evaluated in vitro for potential bone loss applications in revision total knee arthroplasty (rTKA). Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) cell viability assays of scaffold ion release extracts revealed that BRT0 scaffolds (0 mol % titanium) inhibited cell proliferation and activity at day 14. At day 30, all scaffold extracts decreased cell proliferation and activity significantly. However, live/ dead cell assay results demonstrated that degradation products from all the scaffolds had no inhibitory effect on cell viability. Significant bactericidal efficacies of BRT3

Borate Bioactive Glasses (BBG): Bone Regeneration, Wound Healing Applications, and Future Directions

“…Generally, BGs are produced by the melt-quenching technique, which requires the melting of precursor oxide powders at elevated temperatures (above 1000 °C) followed by rapid cooling (quenching) of the melt to obtain an amorphous (noncrystalline) glass. BBGs can be produced as powders, 38 − 40 which can be further processed to fabricate 3D scaffolds 41 − 43 or microfibers. 30 , 44 BBG scaffolds are usually produced by a polymer foam replication technique.…”

“… 30 , 44 BBG scaffolds are usually produced by a polymer foam replication technique. 41 , 42 , 45 Accordingly, microporous polyurethane scaffolds are immersed in a slurry of BBG powder dispersed in a solvent. The coated scaffold is then dried, and following this, the scaffold is heat-treated to remove the polymeric phase and sinter the BBG struts.…”

“…The coated scaffold is then dried, and following this, the scaffold is heat-treated to remove the polymeric phase and sinter the BBG struts. 41 , 42 , 45 Cotton-like microfibers based on BBGs have also been produced by exploitation of the melting technique. 30 , 44 , 46 This type of BBG microfiber has been FDA-approved and commercialized with the trade name Mirragen for wound healing applications.…”

“…The concentration of ions released from BBGs may have a significant impact on cell proliferation. 41 Boron is present in the daily diet constituting an essential trace element in the human body. Trace quantities of boron are required for optimal health.…”

“…Figure 8 shows % cell viability after incubating cells in different concentrations of boron and sodium ions. 41 …”