In Vitro Evaluation of Three Iodine-Containing Compounds as Antiplaque Agents

Tanzer, Jason M.; Slee, Andrew M.; Kamay, B.; Scheer, Eleanor R.

doi:10.1128/aac.12.1.107

Cited by 28 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The adhesive, dense character and the chemical nature of plaque apparently constitute a diffusion barrier to antiseptics (42,43), which may account for the inability of a number of established bactericidal agents to be effective in controlling dental plaque (6,17,43). Freely suspended plaque-forming microorganisms are orders of magnitude more susceptible to chlorhexidine than intact plaques of the same bacteria (42), supporting this view.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 60%

“…It has previously been demonstrated that serial dilution methods are inappropriate for testing the efficacy of agents against plaque microorganisms. Such methods require the presence of the agent for a prolonged period, a situation unlikely to occur in the mouth, and they do not take into account the diffusion barriers apparently existing in intact dental plaque (40,42,43). Thus, broth dilution techniques were demonstrated to overestimate the potency of agents by several orders of magnitude (42).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Thus, broth dilution techniques were demonstrated to overestimate the potency of agents by several orders of magnitude (42). Accordingly, agents were tested here by short-term immersion of preformed plaques in various agents, employing an in vitro plaque system using methods previously detailed (42,43). Briefly, in vitro plaques were rinsed of broth in demineralized water and then immersed in 10 ml of aqueous solutions of various test or control agents for various durations and frequencies.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Structural Requirements of Guanide, Biguanide, and Bisbiguanide Agents for Antiplaque Activity

Tanzer

Slee

Kamay

1977

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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The bactericidal efficacy of 16 guanide, biguanide, and bisbiguanide agents was studied in vitro against intact preformed plaques of four oral (plaqueforming) microorganisms: Streptococcus mutans, S. sanguis, Actinomyces viscosus, and A. naeslundii. The activities of these agents were examined in relation to their molecular configurations. These studies indicated that the bisand biguanide configurations are important for efficacy, as is the length of the alkyl side chain. No structural moiety determined efficacy by itself. Furthermore, the activities of these agents were studied to determine the minimal conditions (concentration, duration, and frequency) of treatment required for likely clinical efficacy. At least six agents were judged to have equal or greater efficacy than the reference agent, chlorhexidine digluconate. A plaque bactericidal index was derived for the most potent agents, and comparison to the bactericidal properties of chlorhexidine was expressed as a chlorhexidine coefficient.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 60%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Structural Requirements of Guanide, Biguanide, and Bisbiguanide Agents for Antiplaque Activity

Tanzer

Slee

Kamay

1977

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…Accordingly, agents were tested here by short-term immersion of preformed plaques in various agents employing an in vitro preformed-plaque model system. The methods were previously detailed (30)(31)(32)(33). Briefly, in vitro plaques were rinsed free of broth in demineralized water and then immersed in 10 ml of aqueous solution of the various test or control agents, at pH 6.8 to 7.0, for various durations and frequencies.…”

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In Vitro Evaluation of Seven Cationic Detergents as Antiplaque Agents

Tanzer

Slee

Kamay

et al. 1979

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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The bactericidal efficacy of seven cationic detergents was studied in vitro against intact preformed plaques of representative strains of four oral dental plaque-forming microorganisms: Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis, Actinomyces viscosus, and Actinomyces naeslundii. Both absolute (plaque bactericidal index) and relative (chlorhexidine coefficient) indexes of antiplaque activity were established. Only cetyltrimethylammonium bromide was more efficacious than the reference agent, the bisbiguanide chlorhexidine, for the apparently more potent tooth-adherent cariogenic and periodontopathic elements, respectively, of the in vivo plaque microflora, S. mutans and A. viscosus.Control Qf dental plaque, which is associated with gingivitis and dental caries, may be achieved by topical applications of antimicrobial agents (11,18,19). Topical rather than systemic administration of such agents to supragingival plaque is indicated because of its dense, toothadherent nature and, importantly, because plaque is not bathed in blood or interstitial fluids but is exposed to the environment of the oral cavity.Cationic detergents have been known for a number of years to possess bactericidal and fungicidal properties (17). Cationic agents are also of interest because of potential reversible binding (substantivity) to anionic groups on oral mucous membranes (2,21,22,25,26), which could permit possible prolonged intraoral retention and sustained release of such cationic antiseptics. Recent studies have demonstrated modest in vivo and in vitro antiplaque activities of three quaternary ammonium detergents, namely, cetylpyridinium chloride, domiphen bromide, and benzylalkonium chloride (1,6,12,27,35). In those studies, however, the optimal conditions required for in vivo efficacy were not evaluated.In the work reported herein an examination of seven cationic detergents was undertaken with a view to establishing the optimal conditions likely to achieve maximal efficacy in vivo. These agents were assessed for their antiplaque activities against strains of four oral plaqueforming microorgansms by using an in vitro preformed-plaque model system (30, 31), and their potencies were compared on both absolute t Present address:

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“…Using a mouthwash containing chemotherapeutic agents would be a simple way to prevent dental caries by controlling the numbers of these microorganisms. For a long time, various compounds have been studied for possible use in plaque and caries control (4,12). Among these agents, chlorhexidine, a bisbiguanide compound, has been shown to exert antimicrobial and/or antiplaque effects (10).…”

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confidence: 99%