In vitro genotoxic and antigenotoxic effects of cynarin

Erikel, Esra; Yüzbaşıoğlu, Deniz; Ünal, Fatma

doi:10.1016/j.jep.2019.03.036

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…Moreover, a negative (sterile distilled water) and positive control (H 2 O 2 , 100 μM) were also included in all the experiments. In many previous studies, H 2 O 2 was used at 100 μM concentration in isolated human lymphocytes as a genotoxic agent and induced quite high DNA damage in the comet test (Dua, Kaur, Gupta, Mittall, & Gupta, 2017; Erikel, Yuzbasioglu, & Unal, 2019a; Yuzbasioglu et al., 2018). For this reason, the same concentration was used in this study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genotoxic and antigenotoxic potential of amygdalin on isolated human lymphocytes by the comet assay

2020

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Since ancient times, plants have always been a resource of medicines, primarily due to secondary metabolites, which have many pharmacological activities. Many of the drugs used today are based on natural bioactive products or their derivatives (Atanasov et al., 2015). Recently, natural bioactive products, in alternative forms, for instance, extracts, fractions, or phytochemicals, play an essential role in the prevention and treatment of major cancer types (lung, breast, colorectal, etc.) (Atanasov et al., 2015; Kim & Kim, 2018). These compounds exhibit their protective effects in cancer chemoprevention via some pharmacologic activities including antioxidant properties as well as modulating several genes involved in cellular antioxidant defenses, inflammation, metabolism, survival, and proliferation (Battino et al., 2019). Amygdalin (C 20 H 27 NO 11) is a cyanogenic diglycoside that is a secondary plant compound containing nitrile, which after its enzymatic degradation, releases cyanide as the final product

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The comet assay was performed as described by Singh, McCoy, Tice, and Schneider (1988) with some modifications (Erikel, Yuzbasioglu, & Unal, 2019a, 2019b). Trypan Blue Exclusion method was performed to measure the viability of cells.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotoxic and antigenotoxic potential of amygdalin on isolated human lymphocytes by the comet assay

2020

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“…Cynarine has a broad repertoire of biological activities. It is a strong antioxidant compound 54 , 55 that also produces effects on smooth muscle, which is thought to contribute to reported antihypertensive activity 56 , 57 . The antioxidant effects of cyanarine are most potently demonstrated in H 2 O 2 cytotoxicity assays and is most likely the reason for cytoprotective effects of fraction “K” observed here.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antidepressant-like effects of a chlorogenic acid- and cynarine-enriched fraction from Dittrichia viscosa root extract

Murlanova

Cohen

Pinkus

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Dittrichia viscosa is a perennial Mediterranean plant used in traditional medicine for “calming purposes”, pointing at a possible antidepressant activity of the plant. We conducted chromatographic and bioassay-guided fractionation of D. viscosa root extract to isolate a specific fraction (fraction “K”) with antidepressant-like characteristics in vivo and strong antioxidant properties in vitro. A single dose of “K” reduced immobility time in the forced swim test with a mouse model possessing a depressive-like phenotype. Neurochemical profiling for 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and its primary metabolite, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of “K”-treated mice showed reduction in 5-HIAA, indicative of either serotonin uptake transporter or monoamine oxidase-A inhibition, as well as slight increases in 5-HT content. These neurochemical alterations, as well as the behavioral changes observed, were comparable to the effects of paroxetine. “K” also protected PC12 cells in a H2O2 cytotoxicity assay, thus demonstrating antioxidant properties, yet paroxetine augmented oxidative damage and cell death. Identification of the main compounds in “K” by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS/MS) indicated that chlorogenic acid and cynarine comprised 87% of the total components. D. viscosa root extract appears to produce antidepressant and cytoprotective effects and may serve as an attractive alternative to standard therapies for depression.

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“…Currently, the most used chromosome aberration tests are the in vitro mammalian chromosomal aberration test (OECD-473) and in vivo mammalian bone marrow chromosomal aberration test (OECD-475) (OECD, 1997). (Erikel et al, 2019;Unal et al, 2011;Unal et al, 2021).…”

Section: Genotoxicity Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MNi can also originate from incorrect segregation of whole chromatids/chromosomes during anaphase induced by mitotic spindle disruption, defects in kinetochore proteins and assembly, hypomethylation of repeat sequences in pericentromeric and centromeric DNA, and damage in the cell cycle checkpoint genes (Fenech, 2007). Epigenetic regulations such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin remodeling, and non‐coding RNA expression are also involved in MN formation (Avuloglu‐Yilmaz et al, 2020; Bonassi et al, 2011; Erikel et al, 2019; Fenech, Holland, et al, 2011; Jyoti et al, 2015; Knasmüller & Fenech, 2019; Mamur et al, 2018; Russo & Degrassi, 2018). Other nuclear anomalies such as nucleoplasmic bridges (NPBs) and nuclear buds (NBUDs) are also analyzed to present dicentric chromosome and gene amplifications, respectively.…”

Section: Genotoxicity Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular toxicities of gadolinium‐based contrast agents used in magnetic resonance imaging

Akbas

Ünal

Yüzbaşıoğlu

2022

J of Applied Toxicology

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Contrast agents have been used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a radiological method. Gadolinium‐based contrast agents (GBCAs), because of their paramagnetic characteristics, are the ones mostly used in MRI to increase signal intensity. However, the use of contrast media has raised concerns on cellular toxic risks of these agents. Studies showed the accumulation of gadolinium after injection to humans with or without renal impairment. Also, there are findings obtained under in vitro and/or in vivo conditions that revealed conflicting results for their cytotoxic and genotoxic effects. Some of them declared damage in cells and genetic material; some others did not. Abnormal cell growth and genetic aberration are critical because they may lead to carcinogenesis in somatic cells or may be transferred to the next generations through germ cells. Therefore, understanding the effect of GBCAs on cells is important for their safer usage in clinical administrations to generate high‐quality contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance images. Because of all these reasons, cellular toxicities—mainly genotoxic and cytotoxic effects—of GBCAs were reviewed in this paper.

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In vitro genotoxic and antigenotoxic effects of cynarin

Cited by 14 publications

References 85 publications

Genotoxic and antigenotoxic potential of amygdalin on isolated human lymphocytes by the comet assay

Genotoxic and antigenotoxic potential of amygdalin on isolated human lymphocytes by the comet assay

Antidepressant-like effects of a chlorogenic acid- and cynarine-enriched fraction from Dittrichia viscosa root extract

Cellular toxicities of gadolinium‐based contrast agents used in magnetic resonance imaging

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