In vitro genotoxicity assessment of functional ingredients: DHA, rutin and α-tocopherol

Genotoxicity evaluation of a fish oil concentrate containing Very Long Chain Fatty Acids

“…Fish and fish oils are traditional food items around the world and are considered safe and beneficial to health ('Scientific opinion on the Tolerable upper intake level of EPA, DHA and DPA' 2012). The genotoxic potential of EPA and DHA has been assessed in a number of studies, mostly from algal preparations, without any indication that these polyunsaturated fatty acids are genotoxic [12] , [13] , [16] , [17] , [21] , [8] . The polyunsaturated fatty acids EPA and DHA are considered safe for chronic use by the FDA at a dose level up to 3 g per day [23] and up to 5 g per day by the European food safety authority, EFSA [22] .…”