In vitro induction of autotetraploids from diploid yellow passion fruit mediated by colchicine and oryzalin

Abstract

In vitro chromosome doubling from hypocotyl segments of yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims.) was carried out in the presence of either colchicine (0, 25, 250 and 1,250 lM) or oryzalin (0, 5, 15 and 30 lM). Murashige and Skoog (in Physiol Plant 15:473-497, 1962)(MS)-based regeneration medium containing 250 or 1,250 lM colchicine markedly affected explant development leading to browning and death of the hypocotyl segments. Oryzalin has similar effect to colchicine in inducing polyploidy. In vitro regenerated autotetraploid plants induced by 25 lM colchicine or 15 lM oryzalin were further acclimatized and cultivated in hydroponics system in greenhouse. Autotetraploids plants were more vigorous than the control diploids. The chromosome number of diploid plants was 2n = 2x = 18, whereas that found on autotetraploid plants were 2n = 4x = 36. The stomata sizes of the autotetraploids were significantly larger than those on the diploid counterparts, while the frequency of stomata was significantly reduced. Similarly, the chloroplast number of guard cells of autotetraploid plants increased significantly. Two albino plants (4%) were generated in medium with 25 lM colchicine, indicating phytotoxic effects. These plants are being grown to full maturity in order to test their potential to use in a breeding program.

Overproduction of valuable methoxylated flavones in induced tetraploid plants of Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss

“…Stomatal lengths and widths have been widely used as an indicator of polyploidy (Lin et al 2011). Generally tetraploid plants tend to have larger stomata than their diploid parents (Gantait et al 2011;Hodgson et al 2010;Omidbaigi et al 2010a;Rêgo et al 2011;Tang et al 2010). The chlorophyll (a, b and total) content of tetraploid plants were also significantly changed with ploidy levels (P < 0.01) ( Table 2).…”

“…This is in accordance with the results on Passiflora edulis Sims. (Rêgo et al 2011) and Gerbera jamesonii Bolus cv. Sciella (Gantait et al 2011).…”

Inducing autotetraploids in cassava using oryzalin and colchicine and their in vitro morphophysiological effects

“…Polyploidy can be induced using antimitotics, such as colchicine and oryzalin (Allum et al, 2007;Ascough and Van Staden, 2008;Rêgo et al, 2011). Colchicine is the most widely used and successful antimitotic (Ishigaki et al, 2009;Quesenberry et al, 2010;Souza-Kaneshima et al, 2010).…”

Effects of Enhanced Ultraviolet-B Radiation on Chromosomes and Microtubule Arrays in Wheat Roots

“…Oryzalin, a microtubule inhibitor, blocks microtubule assembly but not ongoing disassembly, causing microtubule depolymerization. Oryzalin is used to induce chromosome doubling in plants by inhibiting mitotic activity and is considered a preferable alternative to colchicine because of its lower toxicity (Kermani et al, 2003;Dhooghe et al, 2011;Rêgo et al, 2011).…”