In vitro interaction between phage and receptor lipopolysaccharide: a novel glycosidase associated with Salmonella phage ϵ15

Takeda, Kazuyuki; Uetake, Hisao

doi:10.1016/0042-6822(73)90405-4

Cited by 41 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Bacteriophage ε15's tailspikes come into contact with and digest the LPS covering the bacterium surface 33-35 . Presumably, the bacteriophage “walks” or “chews” down to the cell surface and orients itself so that the tail axis is perpendicular to the surface.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Visualizing the Structural Changes of Bacteriophage Epsilon15 and Its Salmonella Host during Infection

Chang

Schmid

Haase-Pettingell

et al. 2010

Journal of Molecular Biology

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The efficient mechanism by which double stranded DNA bacteriophages deliver their chromosome across the outer membrane, cell wall, and inner membrane of Gram-negative bacteria remains obscure. Advances in single particle electron cryo-microscopy have recently revealed details of the organization of the DNA injection apparatus within the mature virion for various bacteriophages, including epsilon15 (ε15) and P-SSP7. We have used electron cryo-tomography and 3D subvolume averaging to capture snapshots of ε15 infecting its host Salmonella anatum. These structures suggest the following stages of infection. In the first stage, the tailspikes of ε15 attach to the surface of the host cell. Next ε15's tail hub attaches to a putative cell receptor and establishes a tunnel through which the injection core proteins behind the portal exit the virion. A tube spanning the periplasmic space is formed for viral DNA passage, presumably from the rearrangement of core proteins or from cellular components. This tube would direct the DNA into the cytoplasm and protect it from periplasmic nucleases. Once the DNA has been injected into the cell, the tube and portal seals, and the empty bacteriophage remains at the cell surface.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In ε15, the tailspike gp20 has endorhamnosidase activity and digests the LPS (Fig. 5b) 33,35 . In P22, the same function is present in gp9, and digestion of the LPS brings the capsid near the cell outer membrane 51 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visualizing the Structural Changes of Bacteriophage Epsilon15 and Its Salmonella Host during Infection

Chang

Schmid

Haase-Pettingell

et al. 2010

Journal of Molecular Biology

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“…Adsorption rates were similar to those determined for other hodphage systems under optimum conditions. pH has been shown to influence the adsorption of phage attacking a variety of hosts including Escherichia coli (Tolmach & Puck, 1952;Puck & Tolmach, 1954), Acholeplasma laidlawii (Fraser & Fleischmann, 1974) and certain Salmonella species (Kwiatkowski & Taylor, 1970;Takeda & Uetake, 1973). The adsorption of phage f13 to all hosts appeared to be virtually independent of pH.…”

Section: P H and Actinophage 279mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of pH on Soil Actinophage

1981

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271Actinophage active against both neutrophilic and acidophilic streptomycetes were isolated from a variety of soils by a specific enrichment method. No phage were detected in soils with a pH below 6-0, despite the presence of acidophilic streptomycetes in these soils. However, some phage isolated from neutral soils were able to lyse acidophilic streptomycetes at pH 5 . 5 . Selected actinophage were shown to be stable between pH 5.5 and 9.0 in sterile soils and broth, but were rapidly inactivated at lower or higher pH values. Survival of these phage was good in neutral soils, but negligible in acidic soils. This suggested that free phage were unable to remain infective in acidic soils, thus at least partially accounting for the failure to isolate them. Acidity was shown to have variable effects on several stages of phage replication including adsorption, penetration and the length of the latent period. The latter effect was directly related to the metabolic activity of the host.

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“…Phage adsorption to the bacterial 0-antigen is accompanied by an endo-1,3-a-~-rharnnosidase (endorhamnosidase) 0-antigen cleavage activity facilitating phage access to the bacterial outer-membrane surface. This endorhamnosidase activity is also exhibited by other 0-antigen converting phage, such as Salmonella phages P22 and &I5, and by coliphage R8 (Kanegasaki & Wright, 1973;Takeda & Uetake, 1973 ;Wallenfels & Jann, 1974). The endorhamnosidase activity of bacteriophage P22 is associated with the tailspikes, which are composed of a trimer of the P22 gene-9-encoded tailspike protein (TSP) (Israel et al, 1972;Israel, 1978;Baxa et al, 1996), and this is also likely to be the case for Sf6 TSP.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Shigella flexneri bacteriophage Sf6 tailspike protein (TSP)/endorhamnosidase is related to the bacteriophage P22 TSP and has a motif common to exo- and endoglycanases, and C-5 epimerases

Chua¹,

Manning²,

Morona³

1999

Microbiology

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The temperate bacteriophage Sf6 infects Shige//a flexneri strains of serotype X or Y, converting them into serotypes 3a or 3b, respectively. The tailspike protein (TSP) of Sf6 possesses endo-183-a-~-rhamnosidase (endorhamnosidase) activity which results in cleavage of the lipopolysaccharide O-antigen receptor during the adsorption of the phage to the cell surface. When used in Southern hybridization, a P22 gene 9 (encoding P22 TSP) DNA probe hybridized with restriction fragment Pstl-7 of Sf6. DNA sequencing and analysis of Pstl-7 and the adjacent Pstl-8 fragment revealed an open reading frame (ORFI) of 1872 bp (624 amino acids) bearing amino acid sequence homology to the bacteriophage P22 TSP N-terminal head-binding domain. High conservation of key residues was suggestive of similar secondary and tertiary N-terminal protein structure and a similar function of the Sf6 TSP in this region. In addition, an amino acid sequence motif (DFGX,DGX,AX,A) was identified between residues 164 and I84 which was also found to exist in various prokaryotic and eukaryotic exo-/endoglycanases, C-5 epimerases and bacteriophage proteins. Expression of ORFl from a T7 promoter produced a 67 kDa protein (detected by ~-[~~S]methionine labelling and SDS-PAGE). Assay of heat-treated cytoplasmic extracts containing the ORFI -encoded protein by incubation with whole Sh. flexneri Y cells demonstrated that 0-antigen hydrolysis activity was present; ORFl therefore encodes Sf6 TSP. Sf6 TSP exhibited specific and preferential activity for long-chain Sh. flexneri serotype X or Y 0-antigen, cleavage of which resulted in the release of oligosaccharide fragments, consistent with octasaccharides in site, as detected by fluorophoreassisted carbohydrate electrophoresis (FACE).1

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In vitro interaction between phage and receptor lipopolysaccharide: a novel glycosidase associated with Salmonella phage ϵ15

Cited by 41 publications

References 39 publications

Visualizing the Structural Changes of Bacteriophage Epsilon15 and Its Salmonella Host during Infection

Visualizing the Structural Changes of Bacteriophage Epsilon15 and Its Salmonella Host during Infection

The Effect of pH on Soil Actinophage

The Shigella flexneri bacteriophage Sf6 tailspike protein (TSP)/endorhamnosidase is related to the bacteriophage P22 TSP and has a motif common to exo- and endoglycanases, and C-5 epimerases

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