In Vitro Investigation of Eddy Current Effect on Pacemaker Operation Generated by Low Frequency Magnetic Field

Babouri, Abdesselam; Hedjeidj, A

doi:10.1109/iembs.2007.4353636

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The ratio of lead length versus radiofrequency wavelength and lead conformations, such as loops, are strongly associated with the extent of current induction. [5][6][7] Another important potential interaction of devices with MRI is the possibility of heating and tissue damage where the lead tip contacts tissues. The extent of MRI radiofrequency energy deposition in tissues is described by the specific absorption rate (SAR; watts per kilogram).…”

Section: Physics Of Mri Related To Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Implantable Devices

Nazarian

Beinart

Halperin

2013

Circ: Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology

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Section: Physics Of Mri Related To Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Implantable Devices

Nazarian

Beinart

Halperin

2013

Circ: Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology

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“…Sources of this electromagnetic energy include the pulsed radiofrequency energy from a head or body coil and the time varying magnetic fields used by the MR system for spatial localization of signals. The transfer of radiofrequency energy to heat and electrical energy is dependent on factors including: 1) the pulse sequence parameters, 2) the whole body averaged and local specific absorption rates (SAR) associated with a given sequence, 3) spatial relation and orientation of the anatomy to the transmit RF coil, and 4) lead factors (composition, length, geometry, configuration, and orientation) [51,54,55,63,94-97]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic resonance imaging in patients with cardiac pacemakers: era of “MR Conditional” designs

Shinbane

Colletti

Shellock

2011

Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance

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Advances in cardiac device technology have led to the first generation of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) conditional devices, providing more diagnostic imaging options for patients with these devices, but also new controversies. Prior studies of pacemakers in patients undergoing MRI procedures have provided groundwork for design improvements. Factors related to magnetic field interactions and transfer of electromagnetic energy led to specific design changes. Ferromagnetic content was minimized. Reed switches were modified. Leads were redesigned to reduce induced currents/heating. Circuitry filters and shielding were implemented to impede or limit the transfer of certain unwanted electromagnetic effects. Prospective multicenter clinical trials to assess the safety and efficacy of the first generation of MR conditional cardiac pacemakers demonstrated no significant alterations in pacing parameters compared to controls. There were no reported complications through the one month visit including no arrhythmias, electrical reset, inhibition of generator output, or adverse sensations. The safe implementation of these new technologies requires an understanding of the well-defined patient and MR system conditions. Although scanning a patient with an MR conditional device following the strictly defined patient and MR system conditions appears straightforward, issues related to patients with pre-existing devices remain complex. Until MR conditional devices are the routine platform for all of these devices, there will still be challenging decisions regarding imaging patients with pre-existing devices where MRI is required to diagnose and manage a potentially life threatening or serious scenario. A range of other devices including ICDs, biventricular devices, and implantable physiologic monitors as well as guidance of medical procedures using MRI technology will require further biomedical device design changes and testing. The development and implementation of cardiac MR conditional devices will continue to require the expertise and collaboration of multiple disciplines and will need to prove safety, effectiveness, and cost effectiveness in patient care.

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“…In addition, pulsed gradient fields might be strong enough to electrically stimulate the heart and eventually cause ventricular arrhythmias. 20 , 21 In well-monitored patients, this effect seems to be rare in clinical practice. 22 However, theoretical hazards have been experimentally replicated, proving that in the swine model these effects can indeed cause clinically relevant tachycardia.…”

Section: Technical Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 18 – Gradient slew rate should not exceed 200 T/m/s. 20 – Emergency equipment/external defibrillator as well as a device programmer should be present during the MRI. – Continuous patient monitoring (electrocardiography/pulse oximetry) during the MRI.…”

Section: General Recommendations For Magnetic Resonance Unsafe Cardiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic resonance imaging safety in pacemaker and implantable cardioverter defibrillator patients: how far have we come?

2015

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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has long been regarded a general contraindication in patients with cardiovascular implanted electronic devices such as cardiac pacemakers or cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) due to the risk of severe complications and even deaths caused by interactions of the magnetic resonance (MR) surrounding and the electric devices. Over the last decade, a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms responsible for such potentially life-threatening complications as well as technical advances have allowed an increasing number of pacemaker and ICD patients to safely undergo MRI. This review lists the key findings from basic research and clinical trials over the last 20 years, and discusses the impact on current day clinical practice. With ‘MR-conditional’ devices being the new standard of care, MRI in pacemaker and ICD patients has been adopted to clinical routine today. However, specific precautions and specifications of these devices should be carefully followed if possible, to avoid patient risks which might appear with new MR technology and further increasing indications and patient numbers.

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In Vitro Investigation of Eddy Current Effect on Pacemaker Operation Generated by Low Frequency Magnetic Field

Cited by 16 publications

References 11 publications

Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Implantable Devices

Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Implantable Devices

Magnetic resonance imaging in patients with cardiac pacemakers: era of “MR Conditional” designs

Magnetic resonance imaging safety in pacemaker and implantable cardioverter defibrillator patients: how far have we come?

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