In vitro ion adsorption and cytocompatibility of dicalcium phosphate ceramics

Abstract

Background In vitro cell testing of degradable bioceramics such as brushite or monetite is often challenging due to the ion release into or adsorption from the culture medium. These ionic changes are then mostly responsible for cell proliferation and activity, which prohibits the investigation of effects originating from surface topography or further material modifications.MethodsHere, we aimed to solve this problem by developing a pre-conditioning regime following the repeated immersion of brushite and monetite samples in various Ca2+, Mg2+ and PO4 3− containing electrolytes, followed by studying ion adsorption / release as well as changes in phase composition and in vitro cytocompatibility with MG63 cells.ResultsThe results demonstrated that by using DMEM cell culture medium in a ratio of 10 ml/sample was sufficient to minimize changes of ionic composition after 7 d with a daily change of the medium. This leads to changes of the surface composition with dissolution of the brushite phase. In turn, this also positively influences the in vitro cytocompatibility with a 2–3 fold higher cell number and cell activity on the DMEM pretreated surfaces.ConclusionsControlled sample washing prior to cell testing using DMEM medium seems to be a valuable procedure not only to stabilize the pH during cell culture but also to maintain ion concentrations within a cell friendly range.

The Mechanical Properties of Biocompatible Apatite Bone Cement Reinforced with Chemically Activated Carbon Fibers

“…Since changes in the ion concentration are the most influential factor on cellular behavior for calcium phosphate-based biomaterials [ 34 , 35 ], the supernatant of dissolving samples was investigated with inductively coupled mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Both Ca 2+ and PO 4 3− changes in the culture media were calculated against fresh media for each day ( Figure 7 a).…”

Naturally-Derived Biphasic Calcium Phosphates through Increased Phosphorus-Based Reagent Amounts for Biomedical Applications

“…Under physiological conditions, brushite is metastable and highly reactive and was shown to reprecipitate into hydroxyapatite [21]. In addition, it is less soluble and forms first throughout cement reactions, even though monetite is a more stable phase [5,26,27]. Recent in vivo results, obtained after monetite-based granules implantation, showed an improved degradation and bone regeneration than the hydroxyapatite-based ones [23].…”

“…Most CaPs inherit an osteoconductive behavior due to their surface features. Biodegradable forms such as brushite and monetite are difficult to investigate in terms of surface topography influence on resorption mechanism, over a prolonged period of time due to ionic release in the in vitro culture medium [1,27].…”

The implication of the notch signaling pathway in biphasic calcium phosphate ceramic‐induced ectopic bone formation: A preliminary experiment

“…Three possible reasons, we believe, may cause this phenomenon: (a) Porous BCP ceramics could absorb the formazan, which could lead to systematic error (Song et al, ). (b) Protein/ions adsorption from the culture medium induced a nutrition‐depleted medium (Klimek et al, ; Schamel, Barralet, Groll, & Gbureck, ), thereby led to interim inhibitory effect, and this inhibition could be alleviated by medium changing. (c) High attachment of cells to high microporosic materials may induce the decrease of proliferation (Isaac et al, ).…”