In vitro labeling of glioma cells with gadofluorine M enhances T₁ visibility without affecting glioma cell growth or motility

Abstract

Gadofluorine is a novel macrocyclic, amphiphilic gadoliniumbased contrast agent. We found that malignant glioma cells could be labeled in vitro using Gadofluorine without the need for transfection agents or any other additional means. Labeling with Gadofluorine enhanced the visualization of glioma cells in

Gadofluorine M enhanced MRI in experimental glioma: Superior and persistent intracellular tumor enhancement compared with conventional MRI

“…These results and the linear reduction of the relaxation rates of Gadofluorine dilution series previously described (15) argue against an active transport mechanism with saturation kinetic but for a passive distribution of GfM into the cells. This is in line with its amphiphilic character and its ability to permeate lipid bilayers (16).…”

“…As intracellular accumulation of GfM was shown in vitro in previous studies (15,16) an in vivo intracellular accumulation was suspected. To clearly define the location of GfM, cell cultures of glioma cells were investigated.…”

“…For image acquisition a T1 MSME (Multi Slice Multi Echo) sequence with MTC (Magnetization Transfer Contrast) was used (TR (repetition time) 500 ms, TE (echo time) 15.05 ms, NEX (number of excitations) ¼ 4, acquisition time 6:24 min). T2-w images were acquired with a rapid acquisition with relaxation enhancement (RARE) sequence (TR 3000 ms, TE 60 ms, NEX ¼ 6, acquisition time 3:36 min).…”

Gadolinium hexanedione nanoparticles for stem cell labeling and tracking via magnetic resonance imaging

“…In biological tissues, T1 relaxivity is longer than that of T2; therefore, contrast enhancement is better observed with T1-weighted sequences [20]. Moreover, T1-sensitive contrast agents can monitor the distribution of freshly implanted cells more accurately than T2-wighted ferric oxide NP-labeled contrast agents [21].…”

“…In this study, GdCl 3 , a lanthanides complex, reacted with 3, 4 hexandione (with dicarbonyl compound) to form GdH with hydrophobicity [17]; this is a stable Gd complex that could reduce the free toxic Gd released by unstable Gd-chelate in vivo. Compared to other complexes of Gd (such as Gd-DTPA, a hydrophilic form), GdH with high hydrophobicity could facilitate it with high affinity to phospholipid cell membrane, thus increasing the Gd content in cells [21]. Therefore, GdH-NP was the final NP formulation choice in this study.…”