In vitro leaf anatomy, ex vitro photosynthetic behaviors and growth of Calathea orbifolia (Linden) Kennedy plants obtained from semi-solid medium and temporary immersion systems

Abstract

In vitro bud clusters of Calathea orbifolia (Linden) Kennedy were obtained and subcultured in semi-solid (agar) medium and temporary immersion system (TIS) for 12 weeks. Uniform young plants were selected and transferred to soilless mix in a growth chamber for ex vitro acclimatization during 35 days, followed by growing in a shaded greenhouse for 65 days. Comparison of in vitro leaf anatomy, ex vitro photosynthetic behaviors and growth was made between two cultural systems. Plants in TIS produced thicker leaf chlorenchyma and aquiferous parenchyma, lower stomatal frequency and more epicuticular wax than did those in semi-solid medium. Plants from semi-solid medium had consistently lower leaf Fv/Fm values than plants from TIS. Leaf Fv/Fm value in plants from TIS decreased to 0.65 at day 7 after transfer and increased soon up to 0.76 thereafter. In contrast, leaf Fv/Fm value in plants from semi-solid medium reduced to 0.27 at day 7 after transfer and increased slowly up to 0.68 at day 35. During ex vitro acclimatization, plants in TIS had substantial higher photosynthetic rates than plants in semi-solid medium. Plants from TIS had subsequent higher leaf area, fresh and dry weights than plants from semi-solid medium.

Morphological and physiological responses of proliferating shoots of teak to temporary immersion and BA treatments

“…Rooting is one of the most difficult steps in the micropropagation of woody species, and forest rooting is usually vitro plant quality and made acclimatization safer for different species (Majada et al, Rodríguez et al 2008;Aragón et al 2010;Yang and Yeh, 2008;Sankar-Thomas et al 2008, Yan et al 2010. The teak plants from 4.44 µM of BA which showed some morpho-physiological disorders during the multiplication stage displayed good development and survived (80%) during acclimatization, suggesting that plantlets were able to revert to a normal morpho-physiological state after the transfer to ex vitro conditions.…”

An efficient temporary immersion system for micropropagation of hybrid hazelnut

“…Growth promotion in TIS bioreactors is ascribed to a better availability and efficient uptake of nutrients, enhanced gas exchange with less build up of ethylene and toxic substances (Jackson 2002;Zobayed et al 2003;Roels et al 2005;Yang and Yeh 2008).…”

Micropropagation of Handroanthus heptaphyllus (Vell.) Mattos from seedling explants

“…Although, the use of TI stimulated growth of the aerial part at the expense of root growth by increasing the shoot/root ratio, the growth and development of the plantlets during the acclimatization phase were the highest under TI ( Figure 3A to E). This could be attributed to better morphological and anatomical features of the leaves which enhance the water balance during the acclimatization phase (Yang and Yeh, 2008). The rooting process occurs without callus formation.…”