“…Microfluidic chips have been widely used to study neural cells and NoN and to build various ex vivo organ-on-chip models ( Geraili et al, 2018 ; Holloway et al, 2021 ), including kidney ( Asif et al, 2020 ), bone ( George et al, 2018 ; Sheyn et al, 2019 ; Truesdell et al, 2020 ), heart ( Kofron and Mende, 2017 ), liver ( Maschmeyer et al, 2015 ), muscle ( Morimoto et al, 2013 ), and brain ( Kaneko et al, 2020 ). The advantages of microfluidics in high-throughput, high-efficiency integration, miniaturization, flexible architecture, and low costs in fabrication speed up the microfluidics-based ex vivo NoN studies ( Sharma et al, 2013 ; Kou et al, 2016 ).…”