In Vitro Nematocidal Effect and Anthelmintic Activity of Artemisia cina Against Haemonchus contortus in Gerbils and Relative Expression of Hc29 Gene in Transitional Larvae (L3–L4)

Bio-guided isolation of a new sesquiterpene fromArtemisia cinawith anthelmintic activity againstHaemonchus contortusL3infective larvae

“…The control of H. contortus in small ruminants has been achieved using chemical anthelmintics [3]. However, their inadequate and irresponsible use has facilitated the emergence of parasites with resistance to anthelmintics in different countries, including Mexico, where small ruminant grazing is a significant economic activity [4, 5]. Therefore, it is imperative to explore and propose alternative control strategies for this parasite.…”

3′-Demethoxy-6-O-Demethylisoguaiacin and Norisoguaiacin Nematocidal Lignans from Artemisia cina against Haemonchus contortus Infective Larvae

“…In addition, Bashtar et al reported the impact of A. cina on the sheep cestode Moniezia expansa 14 h post-treatment [ 11 ]. A. cina ethanolic extract also showed anthelmintic activity in ruminants by sesquiterpenes and lignans [ 14 ]. Antiparasitic activity was reported by Higuera-Piedrahita against H. contortus adults at 4 mg/mL with 86.9% mortality after six hours post-exposition [ 15 ].…”

“…A. cina showed an anthelmintic effect against H. contortus and Teladorsagia circumcincta [ 15 ]. The ethanolic extract of A. cina was administered to young lambs infected with H. contortus and a reduction by 63.2% in the egg per gram was found [ 14 ].…”

“…Artemisia cina extract showed upregulation of the H. contortus Hc29 gene (associated with glutathione peroxidase as a toxicity mechanism for parasites) by 13 fold ( p < 0.01) on transitional larvae (from xL 3 to L 4 , first endoparasite stage) at 0.078 mg/mL [ 14 ]. An n -hexane extract of this plant showed a 100% reduction in gerbils ( Meriones unguiculatus ) artificially infected with H. contortus infective larvae [ 14 ].…”

“…Assessing the nematocidal activity of plant extracts and metabolites provides tools for integrated parasitic control [ 17 ]. The aims of this study were to identify the most active extract ( n -hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol) from A. cina against the egg and infective larval stages of H. contortus and to evaluate the lethal effect of different fractions obtained from the n -hexane extract of A. cina considered in a previous study [ 14 ], to identify anthelmintic compounds from the n -hexane A. cina extract against H. contortus infective larvae.…”