“…Number of shoots as well as shoot length decreased as the concentration of BAP decreased/increased beyond 1.0 mg L −1 (Table 1). The multiplication of shoots using BAP has also been reported in T. cordifolia (Raghu et al 2006) as well as in other medicinal plants such as Portulaca oleracea , Asparagus racemosus and Cedrela fissilis (Sharma et al 2011; Thakur et al 2015; Aragão et al 2016) which supports the present results. In contrast to the above results, Faisal and Anis (2003) reported that Kn was optimum for in vitro shooting in Tylophora indica .Fig.…”
Tinospora cordifolia is a prioritized medicinal plant and having an immense medicinal importance especially in Indian medicinal system. But this plant needs a regeneration protocol for its rapid propagation. An efficient regeneration protocol was developed for T. cordifolia using nodal explants. High frequency of multiple shoot formation was induced when the nodal segments were cultured on MS medium supplemented with BAP (1.0 mg L−1) and 2-iP (0.5 mg L−1). The highest mean number of shoots per nodal explant (7.9 ± 0.45) with highest shoot length (9.3 ± 0.48 cm) and 86% response were achieved on this media and hormonal concentration. The optimum rooting was obtained on ½ strength of MS medium augmented with IBA (0.5 mg L−1) with 8.3 ± 0.46 cm root length and 89% response. Micropropagated plantlets were found to be identical with the mother plant when clonal fidelity of these plantlets were analyzed with inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) marker. The berberine content was analyzed through LCMS QToF and the highest amount was found in in vitro callus (19.8 µg/gm) followed by stem (9.3 µg/gm) and leaves of field-grown plants (8.4 µg/gm). Further, presence of berberine was confirmed by ESI–MS spectra with protonated molecular ions ([M + H]+) at m/z 336. Furthermore, MS–MS fragmentation pattern confirmed for the presence of berberine in both the samples. Both the spectra (standard and samples) showed common peaks for berberine in the form of protonated molecular ions ([M + H]+) at m/z 320, m/z 304, m/z 292, m/z 278 in MS/MS mode. The study revealed that developed protocol is potent for rapid mass propagation of this plant species with high accumulation of important secondary metabolite berberine.
“…Number of shoots as well as shoot length decreased as the concentration of BAP decreased/increased beyond 1.0 mg L −1 (Table 1). The multiplication of shoots using BAP has also been reported in T. cordifolia (Raghu et al 2006) as well as in other medicinal plants such as Portulaca oleracea , Asparagus racemosus and Cedrela fissilis (Sharma et al 2011; Thakur et al 2015; Aragão et al 2016) which supports the present results. In contrast to the above results, Faisal and Anis (2003) reported that Kn was optimum for in vitro shooting in Tylophora indica .Fig.…”
Tinospora cordifolia is a prioritized medicinal plant and having an immense medicinal importance especially in Indian medicinal system. But this plant needs a regeneration protocol for its rapid propagation. An efficient regeneration protocol was developed for T. cordifolia using nodal explants. High frequency of multiple shoot formation was induced when the nodal segments were cultured on MS medium supplemented with BAP (1.0 mg L−1) and 2-iP (0.5 mg L−1). The highest mean number of shoots per nodal explant (7.9 ± 0.45) with highest shoot length (9.3 ± 0.48 cm) and 86% response were achieved on this media and hormonal concentration. The optimum rooting was obtained on ½ strength of MS medium augmented with IBA (0.5 mg L−1) with 8.3 ± 0.46 cm root length and 89% response. Micropropagated plantlets were found to be identical with the mother plant when clonal fidelity of these plantlets were analyzed with inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) marker. The berberine content was analyzed through LCMS QToF and the highest amount was found in in vitro callus (19.8 µg/gm) followed by stem (9.3 µg/gm) and leaves of field-grown plants (8.4 µg/gm). Further, presence of berberine was confirmed by ESI–MS spectra with protonated molecular ions ([M + H]+) at m/z 336. Furthermore, MS–MS fragmentation pattern confirmed for the presence of berberine in both the samples. Both the spectra (standard and samples) showed common peaks for berberine in the form of protonated molecular ions ([M + H]+) at m/z 320, m/z 304, m/z 292, m/z 278 in MS/MS mode. The study revealed that developed protocol is potent for rapid mass propagation of this plant species with high accumulation of important secondary metabolite berberine.
“…Regarding soluble sugar amounts, the sharp increase on the 2nd day of cultivation may be due to sucrose presence on the culture medium. Similar data were found in Medicago sativa somatic embryo development (Horbowicz, Obendorf, McKersie, & Viands, 1995) and in Cedrela fissilis organogenesis (Aragão et al, 2016), in which high sugar content was associated with high carbon concentrations on the culture medium. According to Gemas and Bessa (2006), in Anacardium occidentale nodal explants, carbohydrate absorption from the culture medium in the beginning of cultivation is important to start sprout induction and promote their growth.…”
Section: Sugar Contentssupporting
confidence: 82%
“…In this study, glucose, fructose and sucrose were observed in all cultivation times, demonstrating their importance in the induction and development of PLBs. According to Aragão et al (2016), glucose and fructose are the first molecules to act in cell signaling, while the role of sucrose may be initially to provide hexoses. Sucrose is considered the main sugar form used by cells as carbon skeleton and energy source during growth and development (Lastdrager et al, 2014).…”
Tissue culture techniques have been employed for orchid mass propagation by means of the morphogenetic route of protocorm like-bodies (PLBs). This study aimed to analyze and compare Indoleacetic acid (IAA) and sugar endogenous levels in protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) induction and development in Cattleya tigrina, in order to better understand this process and to optimize micropropagation procedure protocols. Leaves grown on MS (Murashige and Skoog) culture medium, suplemented with 9 μM TDZ for PLBs induction and development were collected after 0, 2, 7, 14, 30, 60 and 100 days of cultivation, for further analysis. Increase of IAA and reduction of sugar levels are strongly related to morphogenetic response, that is, PLBs formation over the preexisting ones and leaf primordia formation. Sucrose, fructose and glucose presence in this study is related to cell signaling. Thus, hormonal signals and carbohydrates alter metabolism, triggering PLBs initiation and development in C. tigrina.
“…The supplementation of sucrose or sugar is essential to stimulate axillary bud growth in vitro [47]. Sucrose in the cultivation media may increase the endogenous levels of carbohydrates, such as sucrose, glucose, fructose, and starch [48,49], and plant hormones, such as IAA, isopentenyl adenine riboside 5 -monophosphate, isopentenyl adenine riboside, isopentenyl adenine, zeatin riboside 5 -monophosphate, and zeatin riboside [50], that are important for various phases of plant growth. Starch accumulation is a prerequisite for shoot initiation in numerous plants [51].…”
This study aimed to investigate the impact of plant growth regulators, sucrose concentration, and the number of subcultures on axillary shoot multiplication, in vitro flowering, and somaclonal variation and to assess the phytochemical composition, antioxidant capacity, and enzyme inhibitory potential of in vitro-established callus, somaclonal variant, and normal green shoots of Catharanthus roseus. The highest shoot induction rate (95.8%) and highest number of shoots (23.6), with a mean length of 4.5 cm, were attained when the C. roseus nodal explants (0.6–1 cm in length) were cultivated in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with 2 µM thidiazuron, 1 µM 2-(1-naphthyl) acetic acid (NAA), and 4% sucrose. The in vitro flowering of C. roseus was affected by sucrose, and the number of subcultures had a significant effect on shoot multiplication and somaclonal variation. The highest levels of phenolics and flavonoids were found in normal green shoots, followed by those in somaclonal variant shoots and callus. The phytochemicals in C. roseus extracts were qualified using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 39, 55, and 59 compounds were identified in the callus, somaclonal variant shoot, and normal green shoot tissues, respectively. The normal green shoot extracts exhibited the best free radical scavenging ability and reducing power activity. The strongest acetylcholinesterase inhibitory effects were found in the callus, with an IC50 of 0.65 mg/mL.
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