In vitro osteogenic and odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells seeded on carboxymethyl cellulose-hydroxyapatite hybrid hydrogel

Abstract

Stem cells from human dental pulp have been considered as an alternative source of adult stem cells in tissue engineering because of their potential to differentiate into multiple cell lineages. Recently, polysaccharide based hydrogels have become especially attractive as matrices for the repair and regeneration of a wide variety of tissues and organs. The incorporation of inorganic minerals as hydroxyapatite nanoparticles can modulate the performance of the scaffolds with potential applications in tissue engineering. The aim of this study was to verify the osteogenic and odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) cultured on a carboxymethyl cellulose—hydroxyapatite hybrid hydrogel. Human DPSCs were seeded on carboxymethyl cellulose—hydroxyapatite hybrid hydrogel and on carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogel for 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, and 21 days. Cell viability assay and ultramorphological analysis were carried out to evaluate biocompatibility and cell adhesion. Real Time PCR was carried out to demonstrate the expression of osteogenic and odontogenic markers. Results showed a good adhesion and viability in cells cultured on carboxymethyl cellulose—hydroxyapatite hybrid hydrogel, while a low adhesion and viability was observed in cells cultured on carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogel. Real Time PCR data demonstrated a temporal up-regulation of osteogenic and odontogenic markers in dental pulp stem cells cultured on carboxymethyl cellulose—hydroxyapatite hybrid hydrogel. In conclusion, our in vitro data confirms the ability of DPSCs to differentiate toward osteogenic and odontogenic lineages in presence of a carboxymethyl cellulose—hydroxyapatite hybrid hydrogel. Taken together, our results provide evidence that DPSCs and carboxymethyl cellulose—hydroxyapatite hybrid hydrogel could be considered promising candidates for dental pulp complex and periodontal tissue engineering.

Alcohol-induced suppression of KDM6B dysregulates the mineralization potential in dental pulp stem cells

“…One study demonstrated that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene could promote odontogenic differentiation in DPSCs in vitro [14] while another identified that DPSCs undergo osteogenic differentiation through the NF-kB signaling pathway [15]. DPSCs had the ability to differentiate toward both odontogenic and osteogenic lineages in presence of a carboxymethyl cellulose-hydroxyapatite hybrid hydrogel [16]. Furthermore, medium modification with bone morphogenetic protein 2 was shown to stimulate odontogenic differentiation and formation of an osteo-dentin matrix [17].…”

Pulp–Dentin Tissue Healing Response: A Discussion of Current Biomedical Approaches

“…Furthermore, the vascularization could guide MSCs migration from perivascular region to the inflammatory loci [62]. Having multipotential and self-renewal properties, MSCs such as dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) differentiate into odontoblasts, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and neural cells [63][64][65][66][67][68]. The vascularization is supported by the angiogenic signaling molecules, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and TGF-β which are released from injured pulp cells, endothelial cells, and ECM [69,70].…”

Synthesis and characterization of polysaccharide hydrogel based on hydrophobic interactions

“…The wound‐healing capabilities of CMC may be further enhanced through implantation of nanoparticles . It has also used in drug delivery and tissue engineering applications . CMC is utilized in these ways by exploiting its properties as a biodegradable and superabsorbent material, which depend greatly on the degree of crosslinking.…”