In vitro percutaneous absorption of cobalt

Filon, Francesca Larese; Maina, Giovanni; Adami, Gianpiero; Venier, Marta; Coceani, N.; Bussani, Rossana; Massiccio, M. M.; Barbieri, Pierluigi; Spinelli, P.

doi:10.1007/s00420-003-0455-4

Cited by 68 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…There is limited information on the permeation of Co through human skin. The in vitro Franz cell system indicated that it was possible to measure a flux of Co ions through the skin and the permeation is controlled by the capacity of the sweat to oxidize metallic cobalt into ions (Larese Filon et al, 2004;Larese et al, 2007). Cobalt powders can more easily permeate damaged skin than intact skin (Larese Filon et al, 2009).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Safety evaluation of metal exposure from commonly used moisturizing and skin-lightening creams in Nigeria

Iwegbue

Bassey

Tesi

et al. 2015

Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Safety evaluation of metal exposure from commonly used moisturizing and skin-lightening creams in Nigeria

Iwegbue

Bassey

Tesi

et al. 2015

Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology

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“…Besides permeation investigation, this system is also used to test the quality of skin models and the effects of pharmaceutical substances on the skin. [18,[20][21][22][23][24][25][26] Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) is a method to measure molecular diffusion in tissues or gels, mainly for high molecular weight compounds. For this, the substance to be analyzed must be labeled with a fluorochrome.…”

Section: State Of the Art For Investigation Of Penetration Diffusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement and Simulation of Permeation and Diffusion in Native and Cultivated Tissue Constructs

Hsu¹,

Schimek²,

Marx³

et al. 2018

Biomaterials in Regenerative Medicine

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Characterization of native skin or cultured 3D skin models with respect to permeability plays an important role for the development and testing of pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. Extensive efforts have been dedicated to determining the key parameters describing permeability and diffusion. Whereas respective methods are well established for native skin biopsies, only few are available for 3D skin models, as these have usually much lower dimensions. In this chapter, some fundamentals about permeation and diffusion as well as state of the art of measurement methods used for skin biopsies are summarized. An alternative method for the determination of the permeation in a membrane insert system and the use of a modular simulation to support permeability studies is presented and discussed.

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“…For metal sensitizers, water-soluble valence states represent the bioaccessible form (Forte et al, 2008). Both soluble and insoluble forms of Be (Curtis, 1951;Zissu et al, 1996;Tinkle et al 2003), Cr (Chiba et al, 1997;Hansen et al, 2003;Van Lierde et al, 2006), and Ni (Covington et al, 1985;Fullerton et al, 1986;Hemingway and Molokhia, 1987;Ikarshi et al, 1992;Haudrechy et al, 1993;Tanojo et al, 2001;Fournier and Govers, 2003;Larese-Filon et al, 2004;Larese et al, 2007) may dissolve and penetrate skin to induce sensitization.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is postulated that under physiologically relevant conditions metals may ionize and so permeate the skin (Larese/Filon, 2004. Filon used a Franz cell system in all of her studies to assess the skin permeability of metal ions dissolved in simulated sweat.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extraction of metal sensitizers under physiologically relevant conditions

Duling¹

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Metal and metal alloys are critical components of high-tech applications. Beryllium (Be), chromium (Cr), and nickel (Ni) are among the most economically important metals for high-tech applications because of their extraordinary physical properties. These metals pose two different problems for workers who work with them: 1) allergic contact dermatitis from exposure to Cr and Ni, which is widely accepted to account for a significant percentage of occupational skin irritations and 2) possible systemic sensitization from skin contact with airborne Be. Proper assessment of skin contact with allergenic metals during work is difficult. Current practices for the assessment of skin exposure are to either remove a sample of material from the skin surface or to intercept a sample of the material using a substrate such as cotton gloves or cloth patches. Upon collection, the metal content of the sample is dissolved completely using strong acids, followed by analysis using atomic spectroscopy. While this analytical approach is chemically valid (i.e., nitric acid and hydrochloric acid to dissolve beryllium, (NMAM 7303), a major shortcoming of this approach is that the masses of metals are reported without consideration of the bioaccessible (i.e., available for absorption) form and mass. The bioaccessible (water-soluble) form of these metals is of utmost concern because it is the form that can be readily absorbed through the upper layer of the skin and into the immunologicallyactive layer of the epidermis. This study investigated the extraction of bioaccessible forms of Be, Cr, and NI under physiologically relevant conditions as an alternative to acid-assisted digestion procedures in current use. Simulated human sweat was used to extract and quantify Be, Cr, and Ni metals in their bioaccessible forms. Specifically, this study evaluated the influence of simulated sweat contact time and skin temperature on the dissolution of Be, Cr, and Ni powders. Results from this study will be used to define the optimal simulated human sweat conditions for the dissolution of metal sensitizers into their bioaccessible forms for exposure assessment.

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In vitro percutaneous absorption of cobalt

Abstract: The experiments show that cobalt powder can pass through the skin when applied as a dispersion in synthetic sweat, oxidising metallic cobalt into ions, which permeate the skin. These experiments show for the first time how cobalt can permeate the skin.

Cited by 68 publications

References 16 publications

Safety evaluation of metal exposure from commonly used moisturizing and skin-lightening creams in Nigeria

Safety evaluation of metal exposure from commonly used moisturizing and skin-lightening creams in Nigeria

Measurement and Simulation of Permeation and Diffusion in Native and Cultivated Tissue Constructs

Extraction of metal sensitizers under physiologically relevant conditions

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