In vitro Plant Regeneration from Leaf Explants of Artemisia vulgaris L. – A Medicinal Herb

Abstract

A reliable protocol for callus induction and regeneration were developed for leaf explants of Artemisia vulgaris L. Percent of callus induction and regeneration were higher in the young leaves. MS medium containing 1.0 mgl -1 BAP and 3.0 mgl -1 NAA is the optimum concentration for induction of callus. So produced callus was subcultured on Murashige -Skoog (MS) medium with 1.0 mgl -1 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), 3.0 mgl -1 gibberellic acid (GA 3 ) produced the highest mean number of shoots (35.85±0.81) per explant. Half strength of MS was found to be the best for rooting, however, addition of IAA (0.5-1.0 mgl -1 ) was found essential to induce longer roots. More than 84% of the rooted plants were established in polycups after hardening.Keywords: Callus induction, Plant regeneration, Leaf explants, Artemisia vulgaris L IntroductionArtemisia vulgaris Linn, an important perennial medicinal herb belongs to the family Asteraceae. The plant is aromatic, shrubby 0.6-2.4m high and pubescent. The plant has a hot, sharp and pungent taste. It is considered to be a valuable stomachic, deobstruent and antispasmodic. The expressed juice is used in diseases of children. The leaves and shoot tips are administered in nervous and spasmodic affections connected with debility, in asthma and diseases of the brain. It shows antispasmodic and anthelmintic activity (Kirtiker and Basu, 1935).Leaf explants have been employed for regeneration by many researchers observed in Centaurreum erythraea (Baresova et al., 1985); Jatropha integerrima (Sujatha and Dhingra,1993); Solanum pseudocapsicanum (Baburaj and Gunasekaran, 1994); Guizotia abssinica (Jadimath, 1998); Jatropha curcus (Sardana et al. ,2000). The present study describes an optimized regeneration system in Artemisia vulgaris callus derived from leaf explant cultures on a variety of medium composition. Materials and methods Plant materialLeaf explants from 6-month-old mature plant of Artemisia vulgaris L. were used to initiate in vitro cultures. The leaf segments were washed with 5% (w/v) bavistin, 10% (w/v) antibiotic and 5% (w/v) Tween 20 by continuous shaking for 20 min followed by washing in tap water, then rinsed three to five times with double distilled water. Callus inductionTo induce callus, the sterile leaf explants were inoculated on MS Medium, containing BAP (0.5-1.0 mgl Shoot induction and elongationShoots were induced by transferring the leaf calli on MS medium containing different concentrations and combinations of BAP (0.5-1.0 mgl -1 ) and GA 3 (0.5-3.0 mgl -1 ). Elongation of shoots were also observed on the same medium. Rooting and AcclimatizationMicroshoots were excised from the parent cultures and transferred onto half strength MS medium supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of IBA, IAA and NAA for root induction. The rooted shoots were gently removed from the culture vessels, washed under running tap water and transferred to polycups containing sand:soil:vermiculite (1:1:1) in the greenhouse conditions for acclimatization. Results an...

In vitro Regeneration of Blepharispermum subsessile DC: An Endangered Medicinal Plant of Odisha, India using Cotyledon Explants

“…As in the present study, the reduction of shoot regeneration potential by the combined effect of BAP and GA 3 compared to a medium with cytokinin alone was also demonstrated in Guizotia abyssinica (Baghel and Bansal 2014). On the contrary, a combination of BAP and GA 3 had shown better response in Artimisia vulgaris (Borzabad et al 2010). The shoots developed by BAP over its optimal level (2.5 mg/l) showed stunted growth.…”

Significance of Artemisia Vulgaris L. (Common Mugwort) in the History of Medicine and Its Possible Contemporary Applications Substantiated by Phytochemical and Pharmacological Studies

“…Artemisia vulgaris is a herbaceous plant which grows up to a length of 2.5 m and has a width of 75 cm. It is characterized by an intense aroma that is readily released when the leaves are crushed [ 30 , 43 ], and a spicy taste [ 44 ]. The plant has a thick main root and many small, fibrous lateral roots.…”

The Artemisia Genus: A Review on Traditional Uses, Phytochemical Constituents, Pharmacological Properties and Germplasm Conservation

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“…Effects of various ratio and concentration of phytohormones was also tested for micro-propagation of A. vulgaris from shoot tips and it was observed that MS medium supplemented with BAP and KIN gave the best response. Successful in vitro plant regeneration was achieved using leaf [95] and encapsulated somatic embryos as explants [111]. Artemisinin, a potent anti-malarial compound (2014), successfully regenerated this important medicinal plant in vitro using axillary buds as explants.…”