In Vitro propagation affects the composition of narrow-leaved lavender essential oils

Abstract

The aim of this study was to identify and determine by means of gas chromatography–flame ionization detector (GC–FID) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) method the volatile compounds of essential oils obtained from three varieties of narrow-leaved lavender grown in the field and in in vitro cultures. The essential oils were isolated by hydrodistillation in Deryng apparatus. It was found that the analyzed essential oils varied in terms of chemical composition depending on the variety and conditions of growth. Sixty-four to 87 different compounds were identified in the oils. Essential oils of all 3 varieties obtained in in vitro cultures contained large amounts of borneol (13–32%). This compound was also dominant in plants obtained from in vivo conditions in varieties Ellagance Purple (11%) and Blue River (13%), and in the Munstead variety, the dominant compound was linalool (13%). High concentration of epi-α-cadinol (10–20%) was found in essential oils obtained from in vitro cultured plants. Globulol was found in high concentration (10%) in the Munstead variety grown in in vitro conditions. However, significant quantitative and qualitative differences were found with respect to composition of essential oils obtained from plants grown in the field and in vitro conditions. There was a lack of (E)-β-ocimene, 3-octyn-2-one, 1-octen-3-yl acetate, sabina ketone, pinocarvone, trans-carveol, nerol, epi-longipinanol, or humulene epoxide II. In comparison to oils obtained from field-grown plants, the oils isolated from plants grown in in vitro conditions contained the less volatile compounds identified in the final stage of GC–FID and GC–MS analysis, i.e., thymol, carvacrol, γ-gurjunene, trans-calamene, α-calacorene, khusinol, and 8-cedren-13-ol.

Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Lavandula angustifolia Mill. field-grown and propagated in vitro

“…Micropropagation of lavender plants also caused a decrease in the diameter of secretory trichomes, compared with field-grown plants. According to the research conducted by Andrys and Kulpa (2017), the composition of essential oils isolated from tissue of in vitro propagated lavender differs from that of oils isolated from field-grown plants, which could have an effect on the increased antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of micropropagated plants in comparison with field-grown lavender. Increased antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oils and extracts make them suitable for direct industrial use, especially by the cosmetics industry.…”

“…In vitro plant propagation stresses the plant, and the presence of macro-and microelements in the medium and their transport within the plant do not only influence its growth, but also cause an increase in the concentration of biologically active substances which play the role of antioxidants (Khenifi et al 2011). Andrys and Kulpa (2017) demonstrated that in vitro propagation of plants results in a changed chemical composition of essential oils and promotes the synthesis of antioxidant compounds such as carvacrol and thymol, which may affect the antioxidant activity of extracts from in vitro and field-grown plants (Baser et al 1991). Higher values of the antioxidant potential of extracts obtained from in vitro plants may also stem from the fact that the damaging of plant tissue for the purpose of conducting tissue cultures and its introduction into the medium results in an increase in the level of jasmonic acid (JA) in the plant, resulting in the expression of protective genes, thus causing an accumulation of secondary metabolites (Creelman andMullet 1997, Kant et al 2004).…”

“…However, the antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of the essential oils isolated from them have not been determined. In a study conducted by Andrys and Kulpa (2017), it was found that the composition and the amount of oils isolated from tissues of plants propagated in vitro differed from those of the oils isolated from fieldgrown plants, which might have an influence on their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. As indicated by an antimicrobial study in relation to essential oils of in vitro Salvia przewalskii (Skała et al 2007), and in relation to ethanol extracts of in vitro Syzygium cumini (Vidwans et al 2015), and also by an antioxidant study of in vitro Curcuma aromatica essential oils (Mohanty et al 2015), the activity of isolates from in vitro plants is different and usually higher in comparison with plants growing in field conditions.…”

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) Analysis of Essential Oils from AgNPs and AuNPs Elicited Lavandula angustifolia In Vitro Cultures

“…Linalool, lavandulol, and their esters (linalyl acetate and lavandulyl acetate) are responsible for the fresh and floral smell of lavender oil. Moreover, the quality of oil depends on both a high content of linalool and linalyl acetate and their mutual proportions (preferably higher than 1) [34].…”

Effect of AuNPs and AgNPs on the Antioxidant System and Antioxidant Activity of Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) from In Vitro Cultures

“…The explants used for the experiment were single-node shoot fragments and apical shoot fragments with several leaves and the apical meristem. They were placed on the Murashige and Skoog (MS) media [ 125 ] with the addition of 2 mg dm −3 of kinetin and 0.2 mg dm −3 of indole-3-acetic acid [ 126 ] and 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, or 50 mg dm −3 of AgNPs or AuNPs. The medium pH was set at 5.7 using 0.1 M solutions of HCl and NaOH.…”