In Vitro Rearing of Egg Parasitoids

Cônsoli, Fernando L.; Grenier, S.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-9110-0_11

Cited by 31 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Incomplete behavioral and ecological knowledge for most parasitoid species remains problematic and, perhaps most importantly, mass production of egg parasitoids remains inefficient [77][78][79]. Understanding the host selection strategies of egg parasitoids and the chemical stimuli involved could lead to improved biological control efficacy through behavioral manipulation of egg parasitoids in the field and to development of better in vivo and in vitro rearing methods.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An estimated 16 million ha of cropland worldwide currently receives inundative releases of egg parasitoids, primarily involving species in the genus Trichogramma [77]. Efficient mass rearing of Trichogramma spp., as well as intensive, focused research preceded this achievement, including elucidation of the chemicals necessary for acceptance of artificial host media and the parasitoid development [79]. The success of Trichogramma biocontrol programs is a model of what may be achieved with other parasitoids given the required research investment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical Ecology of Egg Parasitoids Associated with True Bugs

Conti

Colazza

2012

Psyche: A Journal of Entomology

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Parasitoids representing some 15 families of Hymenoptera develop in insect eggs; three of these families, Platygastridae (= Scelionidae), Mymaridae, and Encyrtidae, are associated with Heteroptera. Several species of heteropteran egg parasitoids are or may be important for biological pest control. Successful parasitism of insect herbivores by insect parasitoids arises through several phases of host searching, which lead female wasps to the vicinity of, or in contact with, their hosts. During the host location process, females encounter and explore a variety of stimuli, among which chemical cues (i.e., semiochemicals or infochemicals) play a pivotal role. Female parasitoids are under selection pressure to efficiently invest their limited time on the location and exploitation of host-derived stimuli. In general, the levels of reliability and detectability of a particular stimulus are inversely correlated. Female parasitic wasps adopt differing strategies to solve this dilemma. In this paper we focus on the various host selection strategies employed by heteropteran egg parasitoids and possible means whereby the chemically mediated behavior of these wasps may be exploited to enhance biological pest control.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Ecology of Egg Parasitoids Associated with True Bugs

Conti

Colazza

2012

Psyche: A Journal of Entomology

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“…Trichogramma species are economically important egg parasitoids which are being mass‐produced for biological control programs worldwide. However, production of large quantities of Trichogramma with high quality is costly because of the need to maintain parallel cultures of the factitious or natural hosts (usually lepidopteran eggs) (Consoli & Grenier, ). It has been estimated that the costs for producing Trichogramma on artificial media are 50% lower than on their factitious or natural hosts (Dai et al ., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the need for such insect‐derived components results in a high production cost (Xie et al ., ; Heslin et al ., ). Other components, such as egg yolk, milk, yeast, Grace's insect culture, casein hydrolysate, bovine fetal serum, salt solutions and antibiotics (Grenier, ; Consoli & Grenier, ) have been mixed with insect hemolymph in different proportions to produce artificial media for the in vitro rearing of Trichogramma .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From earlier in vitro rearing studies, it was obvious that although the pupation rate was usually satisfactory, a lot was left to be desired for the adult emergence rate (Liu et al ., ; Li & Liu, ); also a substantial number of adults displayed abnormalities, especially an enlarged abdomen and/or unexpanded wings (Li & Liu, ; Consoli & Grenier, ). More recently, artificial media containing insect cell lines were used as a replacement for pupal hemolymph to rear Trichogramma , but pupal survivorship was poor (Heslin et al ., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The potential of trehalose to replace insect hemolymph in artificial media for Trichogramma dendrolimi (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

Lü¹,

Han²,

Li³

et al. 2012

Insect Science

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Insect additives have been shown to improve the value of artificial media for Trichogramma species, but at the same time maintain dependence on parallel cultures of host insects. In the present study, Trichogramma dendrolimi Matsumura was reared in vitro from egg to adult on artificial media with different contents of pupal hemolymph of Chinese oak silkmoth Antheraea pernyi (Guérin-Méneville) and with supplements of distilled water, or of trehalose dissolved in water or in Grace's insect medium. The results indicated insect hemolymph was the key component of artificial medium. Developmental parameters, including rates of parasitism, pupation, adult emergence and normal adults, and numbers of produced adults, were increased on media supplemented with trehalose even when the proportion of pupal hemolymph was reduced. Two artificial media, the first containing 30% hemolymph and 10% trehalose in water with 98.9% parasitism rate, 77.7.0% pupation rate, 77.2% emergence rate, 80.0% normal adult rate and 333 produced adults, and the second containing 25% hemolymph and 15% trehalose in Grace's insect medium with 97.8% parasitism rate, 91.0% pupation rate, 85.2% emergence rate, 76.1% normal adult rate and 757 produced adults, were believed to hold potential to mass produce T. dendrolimi. The use of trehalose to partially replace pupal hemolymph in artificial medium of this and other Trichogramma species may contribute to a significant reduction in their production cost and may as such help to evade problems related to short supplies of lepidopteran eggs, which currently constitute the main factitious host for the mass rearing of the parasitoids.

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Effects of cold storage on the quality ofTrichogramma dendrolimiMatsumura (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) reared on artificial medium

Lü¹,

Han²,

Li³

et al. 2018

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND: Trichogramma dendrolimi Matsumura is an important egg parasitoid that can be used in the biological control of lepidopteran pests. The effects of storage temperature, developmental stage and storage duration on development and survival were investigated to determine the optimum storage conditions for rearing T. dendrolimi in vitro. RESULTS: The three investigated factors significantly impacted all the biological parameters except for parental G1 and offspringG2 sex ratios. The responses of in vitro reared T. dendrolimi to low temperatures differed depending on developmental stage and storage duration. Comparison of life table parameters under different storage treatments with the control group indicated that storing prepupae at 13 ∘ C for 2, 3 or 4 weeks positively impacted the growth capacity of the parasitoid. CONCLUSION:In vitro reared T. dendrolimi can be reared following cold storage. The quality of the parasitoid was strongly affected by cold storage, likely due to the negative effects of storage on the artificial medium. Storage of the prepupal stage at 13 ∘ C for 4 weeks is optimum for in vitro reared T. dendrolimi. Trichogramma reared in vitro were able to parasitize natural eggs after storage and, thus, have potential for use as biological control agents in the field.

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In Vitro Rearing of Egg Parasitoids

Cited by 31 publications

References 64 publications

Chemical Ecology of Egg Parasitoids Associated with True Bugs

Chemical Ecology of Egg Parasitoids Associated with True Bugs

The potential of trehalose to replace insect hemolymph in artificial media for Trichogramma dendrolimi (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

Effects of cold storage on the quality ofTrichogramma dendrolimiMatsumura (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) reared on artificial medium

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