In vitro Screening Antiviral Activity of Thai Medicinal Plants Against Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus

Abstract

Background Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) caused by the PRRS virus (PRRSV) results in economic losses in the swine industry globally. Several studies have investigated the use of plant extracts for the prevention and control of PRRS outbreaks. Thai medicinal plants may be useful for treating PRRSV infection in pigs. Therefore, we investigated the in vitro anti-PRRSV and antioxidant properties of seven Thai medicinal plants: Caesalpinia sappan Linn., Garcinia mangostana Linn., Houttuynia cordata , Perilla frutescens , Clinacanthus nutans , Phyllanthus emblica , and Tiliacora triandra .Results In the antiviral screening test, we observed that the T. triandra extract strongly inhibited the infectivity of PRRSV into MARC-145 cells [virus titer 3.5 median tissue culture infectious doses (TCID 50 )/ml (log 10 )] at 24 h post-infection, whereas the C. sappan Linn. extract strongly inhibited PRRSV replication [virus titer 2.5 TCID 50 /ml (log 10 )] at 72 h postinfection. C. sappan Linn. extract had the highest total phenol content [220.52 mM gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g] and the lowest half-maximal inhibitory concentration [IC 50 ; 1.17 mg/ml in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2.58 mg/ml in 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazo-line-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS)].Conclusion Our study showed that T. triandra could inhibit the infectivity of PRRSV, whereas C. sappan Linn was the most effective for inhibiting PRRSV replication in MARC-145 cells. This study elucidates the antiviral activities of Thai medicinal plant extracts in vivo . The result promising that the extracts of Thai medicinal plants, especially that of T. triandra and C. sappan Linn, can be developed into pharmaceutical drugs for the prevention of PRRS in pigs.

Anti‐inflammation of bioactive compounds from ethanolic extracts of edible bamboo mushroom (Dictyophora indusiata) as functional health promoting food ingredients

“…However, WE exhibited lower activity than L‐ascorbic acid for DPPH scavenging activity of 5.77 times and for ABTS radical scavenging of 7.31 times. At the same time, the WE also lower activity than medicinal plant extract for DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP (Ruamrungsri et al ., 2016; Arjin et al ., 2020). For the reducing power, WE demonstrated the highest in antioxidant activity equal to 3.75 ± 0.11 µM Fe 2+ g −1 extract.…”

Investigation of HIV‐1 Viral Protein R Inhibitory Activities of Twelve Thai Medicinal Plants and Their Commercially Available Major Constituents

“…As a part of our continuing search for naturally occurring potent Vpr inhibitors, we thus explored twelve Thai medicinal plants, Alpinia galangal ( rhizome ), Caesalpinia sappan (heartwood), Centella asiatica (aerials), Citrus hystrix (fruit peel), Garcina cowa (leaf), Garcina mangostana (fruit peels), Piper betel (leaf), Plumbago indica (roots), Punica granatum (fruit), Rhinacanthus nasutus (leaf), Senna tora (seeds) and Zingiber cassumunar (rhizome). Most of them have been used in the primary health care project in Thailand and by AIDS patients for the treatment of various viral diseases including HIV infection, and many studies have reported their antiviral activities [18–36] . As a result, we found potent anti‐Vpr activities in the ethanolic extracts of Punica granatum fruit, Centella asiatica aerials, and Citrus hystrix fruit peels.…”

Bioactive Compounds from Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) as an Antiviral Agent via Dual Inhibitor Mechanism against SARSCoV- 2: An In Silico Approach

“…17,18 Many researchers reported antiviral activity of mangosteen against chikungunya virus (CHIKV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), dengue virus (DENV), and avian pox virus. [19][20][21][22] However, the potency of mangosteen against SARS-CoV-2 is remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the potency of bioactive compounds derived from mangosteen as an antiviral agent via dual inhibitor mechanisms towards two SARS-CoV-2 proteases with in silico approach.…”