In vitro Shoot Regeneration and Control of Shoot Tip Necrosis in Tissue Cultures of Soymida febrifuga (Roxb.) A. Juss.

Abstract

Soymida febrifuga (Roxb.) A. Juss., (Meliaceae) an indigenous lofty deciduous tree, endemic to India, has extensive pharmacological activity. Continuous destruction of plants due to environmental and geopolitical instability has posed a major threat to endemic tree species. In vitro propagation techniques are also problematic due to high incidence of shoot tip necrosis (STN). The effect of various culture conditions on regeneration and STN of Soymida febrifuga were investigated. Nodal segments from field grown plants were used as explants and cultured on MS supplemented with different concentrations of BA, KN, NAA and IAA. The synergistic effect of BA (2 mg/l) and NAA (0.2 mg/l) induced a mean of 6.3 ± 0.09 shoots from the nodal explants with a frequency of 80.4%. Frequent subculturing of nodal explants from in vitro derived shoots increases the number of multiple shoots, but the regenerated shoots exhibited the symptoms of STN. Various factors such as strength of the media, different carbon sources activated charcoal and different calcium sources have been investigated for reducing the incidence of shoot necrosis. STN can easily be recovered by increasing the levels of calcium. Transfer of shoots showing early signs of necrosis to half strength MS supplemented with CN (556 mg/l), CP (1.0 mg/l), AC (20 mg/l) and fructose (100 mg/l) facilitated recovery of more than 98% of the shoots. Rooted plantlets produced, using the optimized protocol, were acclimatized successfully.

Utilization of Aseptic Seedling Explants for <i>In vitro</i> Propagation of Indian Red Wood

“…The same observation was noticed with mature nodal explants of S. febrifuga (Chiruvella et al, 2011). Hence the shoot regeneration efficiency of Soymida febrifuga was improved by using morphogenic juvenile explants, as the seedling explants are more responsive than explants derived from mature trees and using cotyledonary node and shoot tip explants.…”

“…Although successful regeneration of Soymida febrifuga using mature nodal explants has been reported by our group (Chiruvella et al, 2011), no study utilizing In vitro aseptic seedlings explants has been reported. Here we report In vitro propagation protocol established from 15-day aseptic seedling nitrate and Calcium panthothenate including IBA, IAA either individually or in combinations and was compared to the control (shoots in MS medium without hormonal supply).…”

“…Kinetin alone was less effective when compared to BA in combination. BA The response of shoot tip explants in terms of mean shoot number was comparatively lesser than those of cotyledonary node and mature nodal explants (Chiruvella et al, 2011 (Fig. 1F).…”

Propagation of Pecan (Carya illinoensis): A review

“…Chiruvella et al (2011) reported a positive synergism between activated charcoal and higher levels of calcium that facilitated the recovery of more than 98% of the shoots affected by STN in Soymida febrifuga. The important role of adenine sulfate (AdS) as adjuvant to alleviate in vitro STN was recorded by Naaz et al (2014) in Syzigium cumini.…”

“…Several methods were tested for alleviating shoot necrosis in literature such as, shortening of the culture period, altering the media salt strength, use of various plant growth regulators, different levels of sucrose, fructose, silver nitrate and increasing the concentration of calcium chloride (Kishore et al, 2015;Nezami et al, 2015;Thakur and Kanwar, 2011;Chiruvella et al, 2011;Bairu et al, 2009;Abousalim and Mantell, 1994). Chiruvella et al (2011) reported a positive synergism between activated charcoal and higher levels of calcium that facilitated the recovery of more than 98% of the shoots affected by STN in Soymida febrifuga.…”