In vitro studies on release and human skin permeation of Australian tea tree oil (TTO) from topical formulations

Biodegradable Nanoparticles Obtained From Zein as a Drug Delivery System for Terpinen-4-Ol

“…34 The zein NPs prepared in this study exhibited a slow T4OL release rate, which is of interest because the skin behaves as a natural barrier that protects the body against the external environment and the permeation of substances. 3 Therefore, in the case of slow release, the active compound will have sufficient time to penetrate into the skin and into the cells. Moreover, NP formulations used in dermatological products can follow intercellular, transcellular, or transappendageal pathways during skin permeation.…”

“…2 Therefore, new bioactive compounds and strategies are needed to address this issue, and the development of new delivery systems to treat melanoma is an extremely important subject. Terpinen-4-ol (T4OL), which is the main component of tea tree oil and is also present in various essential oils (e.g., juniper oil, lavender oil, rosemary oil, majoram oil, and thyme oil), 3 exhibits an in vitro inhibitory effect on the growth of multidrug-resistant human melanoma cells. 4,5 Polymers suitable for use in skin drug delivery systems need to be stable, nonreactive with the drug, inexpensive, and easily manufactured.…”

Cleavage of α-Dicarbonyl Compounds by Terpene Hydroperoxide

“…23) Australian tea tree oil containing T4 as a major component has exhibited such activities as antibacterial, 24) antifungal, 25) and antiviral, 26) and has been used topically to treat such conditions as acne, cold sores, dandruff, onychomycosis, oral candidiasis, and tinea pedis. 27,28) Although studies on human skin penetration of T4 have appeared, 29,30) no molecular mechanism for such biological activities has been reported. The biological activities of monoterpenes including T4 might therefore need to be reevaluated in consideration of the effects caused by a trace amount of hydroperoxy derivatives contained in the test samples.…”

GREEN TEA IN TRANSDERMAL FORMULATION: HPLC METHOD FOR QUALITY CONTROL ANDIN VITRODRUG RELEASE ASSAYS

“…41 The in vitro release profile of EGCG within the formulation was determined (Figure 3) and the resulting kinetic data were fitted by linear regression analysis. The data was modeled to various kinetic equations in order to identify the mechanism of drug release.…”