In Vitro Studies on the Effect of Cleaning Methods on Different Implant Surfaces

Abstract

The effect of specific cleaning procedures was examined on the surfaces of 3 implant types with different coatings and shapes (plasma sprayed [PS]; hydroxyapatite coated [HA] implants; and smooth titanium surface screws) using a scanning electron microscope. Each implant was treated for 60 seconds per instrument with one of 6 different hygiene measures: plastic curet, metal curet, diamond polishing device, ultrasonic scaler, air-powder-water spray with sodium hydrocarbonate solution, and chlorhexidine 0.1% solution rinse. The air-powder-abrasive system, chlorhexidine rinse, and curettage with a plastic instrument caused little or no surface damage in all but the hydroxyapatite-coated fixtures. Therefore, these 3 methods were tested to determine their cleaning efficacy in a second clinical study, which did not include the HA-coated fixture. Two implants were placed on the facial aspects of both upper molar regions using individual acrylic plates. Thus, 2 fixtures on each side were examined in each patient. The examination revealed that only the sodium hydrocarbonate spray yielded a clean fixture without damage to the implant surface. In a third stage, which imitated the clinical procedure of the second approach, the cell growth of mouse-fibroblasts on implant surfaces was examined after cleaning the surface with plastic scaler and the air-abrasive system, which represents the least damaging and most effective methods. In contrast to the implant surfaces treated with plastic scalers, mostly vital cells were found on implants sprayed with the air-abrasive system.

Taurolidine as an effective and biocompatible additive for plaque-removing techniques on implant surfaces

“…By the sole use of plastic curettes, the indentations of the sandblasted, large-grit and acid-etched (SLA) surface appear like hidden valleys wherein the cleansing procedure with curettes is insufficient [17]. The use of air-abrasive powder is also a common treatment procedure for cleaning contaminated implant surfaces [18,19]. Especially, glycine powder is considered to be an effective additive while being gentle to the implant surfaces [20,21].…”

Effect of Air-Powder System on Titanium Surface on Fibroblast Adhesion and Morphology

“…Nevertheless, in spite of a satisfactory osseointegration, this clinical success of dental implants can be guaranteed only if the integrity of periimplant mucosa is maintained by an attachment by hemidesmosomal connection of soft-tissue to the transmucosal implant surfaces. 1,2 On the other hand, it must be emphasized that clinical studies of the interface between gingival tissues and dental implants in humans are hampered by many difficulties, including ethical considerations. Many uncontrollable factors in the oral environment, as well as technical problems on sample preparations, impair experimental studies on soft-tissue behavior.…”

Lasers in Periodontics: Review of Literature

“…Therefore, non-metal mechanical means for implant debridement, such as the use of plastic curets and carbon fiber curets, have been recommended {52, 53). However, these methods are apparently ineffective for complete debridement of the bone defect as well as the contaminated implant surface (54,55). Mechanical debridement around implants may also be timeconsuming.…”