In Vitro Studies on the Embryo of Capsella Bursa-Pastoris

Rijven, A. H. G. C.

doi:10.1111/j.1438-8677.1952.tb00007.x

Cited by 80 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…At 30 DAP, however, normal plantlets were in the range of 50 0 7 0 of those which germinated. (MERRY, 1942 ;RIJVEN, 1952 ;KLEIN & POLLOCK, 1968 ;ANDREWS & SIMPSON, 1969 ;NORSTOG, 1972 ;DURE, 1975 ;MONNIER, 1976 …”

Section: Résumémentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of desiccation on isolated embryos of maize. Onset of desiccation tolerance during development

Bochicchio¹,

Vazzana²,

Raschi³

et al. 1988

Agronomie

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Section: Résumémentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of desiccation on isolated embryos of maize. Onset of desiccation tolerance during development

Bochicchio¹,

Vazzana²,

Raschi³

et al. 1988

Agronomie

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“…4 The different stages in the embryogenesis of Capsella, in terms of increasingly older embryos (with their range in length in microns given in parenthesis) are: early globular (20-60); late globular (61-80); early heartshaped (81-150); late heart-shaped (151-250) * intermediate stage (251-450); torpedo-shaped walking-stick-shaped (701-1000); inverted-U-shaped (1001-1700) and mature embryos (> 1700). For details see Raghavan and Torrey (7) and Rijven (10). taining 25 ml of the semi-solid medium.…”

Section: -Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lehninger (9) showed that the oxidation of extra-mitochondrial NADH could be enhanced by osmotically damaging mitochondrial structure. Linnane and Ziegler (11; see also 5,8,10) have shown that intact mitochondria isolated from beef hearts will not oxidize externally added NADH, while mitochondrial fragments will. Other workers (3,14,18) have reported that mitochondria, which they consider to be well preserved, are able to oxidize external NADH.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Certain Growth Substances on the Growth and Morphogenesis of Immature Embryos of Capsella in Culture

Raghavan

Torrey

1964

Plant Physiol.

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In an earlier paper (7) the development of isolated heart-shaped and older embryos of Capsella4 (> 80 ,u long) when grown in a sterile nutrient medium containing mineral salts, vitamins and 2 % sucrose was described. It was also shown that supplementing the basal medium with a mixture of growth substances like indoleacetic acid (IAA), kinetin and adenine sulfate permitted development of still smaller globular embryos (40-80 ,u walking-stick-shaped (701-1000); inverted-U-shaped (1001-1700) and mature embryos (> 1700). For details see Raghavan and Torrey (7) and Rijven (10). taining 25 ml of the semi-solid medium. Cultures were kept in a culture room at 25 + 10 and given 12 hours illumination daily by a combination of cool white fluorescent tubes and incandescent bulbs giving about 50 ft-c light on the surface of the cultures (light-grown cultures) ; parallel sets of cultures were kept in an incubator which was completely dark except for brief periods of opening for examination (dark-grown cultures). Transfers to fresh media were made at intervals of 4 to 5 weeks.The morphogenetic changes occurring in the embryos were noted by periodic examination of the cultures. Growth measurements were made at the 2nd and 4th weeks from the start of the experiment, using a dissecting microscope equipped with an ocular micrometer. To get a clear picture of the effects of growth substances on the growth of the different organs in the embryos, the lengths of the cotyledons, hypocotyl and root were measured separately and their growth expressed in relative terms as the ratio final length/initial length. The root was operationally defined as the meristematic region at the proximal end and the primary root which subsequently developed from it, the cotyledons as the leafy structures at the apical notch of the embryos, and the hypocotyl as the region between the root and the cotyledons. The delimitation was arbitrary and difficult in early embryonic stages, but became easier in the later ones. Root length measurements did not include length of laterals.All experiments were repeated 2 to 3 times using embryos of various developmental stages. In any one treatment, embryos with initial lengths close to one another within 100 , were used. Although quantitative data on

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“…Interestingly enough, these same embryos respond in, exactly the same way to a medium containing 2% sucrose plus enough mannitol to be isotonic with 8 -12% sucrose (Rietsema et al, 1953). Artificially increasing the osmotic concentration of the culture medium by the addition of high concentrations of sucrose or mannitol has also led to the successful culture of proembryos of other plants which did not survive even the most complex media tested; these include a widely investigated species, Capsella bursa-pastoris (Rijven, 1952), and a recent addition, wheat (Triticum aestivum) (Fischer and Neuhaus, 1995). From this it appears that sucrose functions more as an osmotic stabilizer in the medium than as a carbon energy source, although the latter role cannot be wholly discounted.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although heart-shaped and older embryos of this species have been routinely cultured in an inorganic liquid medium of high osmolarity secured by the addition of 12 -18% sucrose (Rijven, 1952), later work opened up the feasibility of culturing heart-shaped embryos in an agar-solidified mineral salt medium supplemented with 2% sucrose. Growth of still smaller embryos (up to about 55 mm long) was secured by fortifying this medium with a balanced mixture of IAA, kinetin, and adenine sulfate (Raghavan and Torrey, 1963).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

One hundred years of zygotic embryo culture investigations

Raghavan

2003

In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. - Plant

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SummaryIsolation of zygotic embryos from seeds and their culture in a defined medium, initiated by Hannig in 1904, has proved to be a promising method to study the factors that control growth and differentiation of embryos. Using this technique, several investigations have focused on the carbohydrate and nitrogen nutrition during germination of cultured seed embryos and on the effects of plant hormones on their morphogenesis. Culture of immature embryos leads to their germination into weak seedlings, skipping the later stages of embryogenesis, by a process known as precocious germination. Progressively smaller embryos have been cultured by supplementation of the medium with coconut milk or hormonal additives or by osmotic adjustment of the medium by high concentrations of sucrose or mannitol. Although methods have not been developed for large-scale isolation and culture of zygotes, zygotes of maize isolated from embryo sacs and those obtained by in vitro fertilization have been grown in culture into full-term embryos. Embryo culture techniques are widely used to rescue embryos from seeds of wide crosses which usually abort and to overcome dormancy of recalcitrant seeds.

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In Vitro Studies on the Embryo of Capsella Bursa-Pastoris

Cited by 80 publications

References 46 publications

Effect of desiccation on isolated embryos of maize. Onset of desiccation tolerance during development

Effect of desiccation on isolated embryos of maize. Onset of desiccation tolerance during development

Effects of Certain Growth Substances on the Growth and Morphogenesis of Immature Embryos of Capsella in Culture

One hundred years of zygotic embryo culture investigations

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