In vitro study of ethosome penetration in human skin and hypertrophic scar tissue

Zhang, Zhen; Yan, Wei; Zhang, Yixin; Wang, Danru; He, Rong; Chen, Hui-Jin; Cui, Daxiang

doi:10.1016/j.nano.2011.10.006

Cited by 69 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…[6][7][8] The molecular weights of drugs entrapped in classical ethosomes have ranged from 130.077 Da to 24 kDa. 9,10 Binary ethosomes Binary ethosomes were introduced by Zhou et al 11 Basically, they were developed by adding another type of alcohol to the classical ethosomes. The most commonly used alcohols in …”

Section: Classical Ethosomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethosomal nanocarriers: the impact of constituents and formulation techniques on ethosomal properties, in vivo studies, and clinical trials

Abdulbaqi

Darwis

Khan

et al. 2016

IJN

327

215

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Ethosomal systems are novel lipid vesicular carriers containing a relatively high percentage of ethanol. These nanocarriers are especially designed for the efficient delivery of therapeutic agents with different physicochemical properties into deep skin layers and across the skin. Ethosomes have undergone extensive research since they were invented in 1996; new compounds were added to their initial formula, which led to the production of new types of ethosomal systems. Different preparation techniques are used in the preparation of these novel carriers. For ease of application and stability, ethosomal dispersions are incorporated into gels, patches, and creams. Highly diverse in vivo models are used to evaluate their efficacy in dermal/transdermal delivery, in addition to clinical trials. This article provides a detailed review of the ethosomal systems and categorizes them on the basis of their constituents to classical ethosomes, binary ethosomes, and transethosomes. The differences among these systems are discussed from several perspectives, including the formulation, size, ζ-potential (zeta potential), entrapment efficiency, skin-permeation properties, and stability. This paper gives a detailed review on the effects of ethosomal system constituents, preparation methods, and their significant roles in determining the final properties of these nanocarriers. Furthermore, the novel pharmaceutical dosage forms of ethosomal gels, patches, and creams are highlighted. The article also provides detailed information regarding the in vivo studies and clinical trials conducted for the evaluation of these vesicular systems.

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Section: Classical Ethosomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethosomal nanocarriers: the impact of constituents and formulation techniques on ethosomal properties, in vivo studies, and clinical trials

Abdulbaqi

Darwis

Khan

et al. 2016

IJN

327

215

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“…The penetration of ethosomes in HS and skin was analyzed by ethosomes fluorescently labeled with rhodamine 6GO using confocal laser scanning microscopy. The fluorescence intensity after application for 24 h was highest in E-Scar, followed by E-Skin, H-Scar and H-Skin, which indicates the penetration of ethosomes in HS was greatest (Zhang et al, 2012 Claimed a cosmetic or medical composition and its production process composition consists from 0.5% to 10% phospholipids, from 20% to 50% of a C2 to C4 alcohol from 0 to 30% glycol, at least 20% water and at least one active ingredient where the combined alcohol and glycol content does not exceed 70% which showed four times greater penetration through the skin in contrast to liposomes having less than 5% alcohol. Touitou (1995) US 5540934 (1996) Elka Touitou NA Claimed a liposomal composition for medical or cosmetic use, for topical application to the skin, resulting in the transdermal passage or introduction of an active ingredient into the skin, which composition contains vesicles in a size range up to 1743 nm, which composition comprises from 0.5% to 10% phospholipids, from 20% to 50% of ethanol, from 0 to 20% propylene glycol, at least 20% water and at least one active ingredient which is a member selected from the group consisting of peptides, hormones, anti-aging agents, tanning agents, vitamins, antiviral drugs, plant extracts, glycosides, alkaloids, anxiolytics, antiepileptics, antifungals, non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs, antihypertensive agents, corticosteroids, minoxidil, cannabinoids, antinytotics, antibiotics and hydroxy acids.…”

Section: Transcellular Deliverymentioning

confidence: 94%

Ethosomes: versatile vesicular carriers for efficient transdermal delivery of therapeutic agents

Pandey¹,

Golhani²,

Shukla³

2014

Drug Delivery

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Delivery across skin is attractive due to its easy accessibility. However, drug delivery across skin is still a challenge in biomedical sciences. Over the past few decades, various successful novel devices and techniques have emerged to optimize drug delivery across skin whose obstructing behavior constricts entry of most of the therapeutic agents. Inability of various conventional vesicular formulations, e.g. liposomes to pass through the tapered (430 nm) intercellular channels of stratum corneum, rendered invention of some lipid based vesicular carrier systems such as ethosomes which consist of phospholipid, ethanol and water. Ethosomes are noninvasive delivery carriers that enable drugs to reach the deep skin layers and/or the systemic circulation. In spite of their sophistication in conceptuality, they are exemplified by easiness in their preparation, safety and efficacy -a combination that can highly inflate their application. This review attempts to describe all aspects of ethosomes including roles and upshots of different excipients, various methods of preparation and characterizations, research reports on various drug deliveries, patent reports and future prospects.

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“…In brief, ethosomal cataplasm and ethosomes alone possessed similar mechanisms of penetration enhancement. 36,37 Ethosomes in cataplasm could also penetrate deeply into the skin to improve the effectiveness of drug absorption. In addition, ethosomal cataplasm could interfere with the structure of stratum corneum and further enhance the permeability.…”

Section: Investigation Of the Mechanisms Of Penetration Enhancementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compound antimalarial ethosomal cataplasm: preparation, evaluation, and mechanism of penetration enhancement

Shen¹,

Liu²,

Zhang³

et al. 2015

IJN

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Malaria is still a serious public health problem in some parts of the world. The problems of recurrence and drug resistance are increasingly more serious. Thus, it is necessary to develop a novel antimalarial agent. The objectives of this study were to construct a novel compound antimalarial transdermal nanosystem–ethosomal cataplasm, to investigate its characteristics and efficiency, and to systematically explore the penetration-enhancing mechanisms of ethosomal cataplasm. Artesunate-loaded ethosomes and febrifugine-loaded ethosomes were prepared, and their characteristics were evaluated. Drug-loaded ethosomes were incorporated in the matrix of cataplasm to form the compound antimalarial ethosomal cataplasm. With the help of ethosomal technology, the accumulated permeation quantity of artesunate significantly increased at 8 hours after administration, which was 1.57 times as much as that of conventional cataplasm. Soon after administration, the ethosomal cataplasm could make a large quantity of antimalarial drug quickly penetrate through skin, then the remaining drug in the ethosomal cataplasm could be steadily released. These characteristics of ethosomal cataplasm are favorable for antimalarial drugs to kill Plasmodium spp. quickly and prevent the resurgence of Plasmodium spp. As expected, the ethosomal cataplasm showed good antimalarial efficiency in this experiment. The negative conversion rates were 100% and the recurrence rates were 0% at all dosages. The mechanism of penetration enhancement of the ethosomal cataplasm was systematically explored using an optics microscope, polarization microscope, and transmission electron microscopy. The microstructure, ultrastructure, and birefringent structure in skin were observed. Data obtained in this study showed that the application of ethosomal technology to antimalarial cataplasm could improve the transdermal delivery of drug, enhance the efficacy, and facilitate practical application in clinic.

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In vitro study of ethosome penetration in human skin and hypertrophic scar tissue

Cited by 69 publications

References 35 publications

Ethosomal nanocarriers: the impact of constituents and formulation techniques on ethosomal properties, in vivo studies, and clinical trials

Ethosomal nanocarriers: the impact of constituents and formulation techniques on ethosomal properties, in vivo studies, and clinical trials

Ethosomes: versatile vesicular carriers for efficient transdermal delivery of therapeutic agents

Compound antimalarial ethosomal cataplasm: preparation, evaluation, and mechanism of penetration enhancement

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